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Lithium ion battery formation refers to the process of the first charge of a lithium-ion battery, with the aim of making the battery electrochemically active. Formation is to form a layer of solid electrolyte interface facial mask (SEI film) on the negative electrode surface. SEI film is an electronic insulator with solid electrolyte properties. But this SEI film is an excellent conductor for Li+, which can freely pass through the SEI film. The important components of SEI film are Li2CO3, LiF, LiOH, ROCO2Li, ROLi and other substances. The quality of SEI film is closely related to the formation process. If the formation system is not good, high-quality SEI film cannot be formed, which will have adverse effects on the cycle life and electrochemical performance of the battery.
The formation process can activate the positive and negative active substances of the lithium ion battery for electrochemical reaction. At the same time, the electrolyte film-forming component forms a solid electrolyte interface facial mask (SEI film) on the negative electrode surface, effectively preventing the reaction between the solvent and the negative active substances, and allowing lithium ions to be de embedded. The excellent formation state of lithium-ion batteries directly affects the negative electrode interface, capacity utilization, self discharge, cycling performance, safety performance, etc. of the battery.
Lithium ion battery formation process
During the first charging process of lithium-ion batteries, Li+is released from the positive electrode active material, passes through the electrolyte separator electrolyte, and is embedded between the negative electrode graphite material layers. During this process, electrons migrate from the positive pole to the negative pole along the peripheral circuit. At this point, due to the low potential of lithium ions embedded in the graphite negative electrode, electrons will first react with the electrolyte to form an SEI film and some gas.
During the storage stage, a small number of batteries may experience gas expansion, which may be due to poor sealing performance of the battery, as well as the infiltration of external moisture and air, resulting in a significant increase in CO2 in the gas and a considerable amount of O2 and N2. At the same time, the infiltration of moisture leads to the occurrence of HF, which can damage the SEI layer; The second reason is that the SEI layer formed for the first time is unstable, and it is destroyed during storage. In order to repair the SEI layer, gas is released again, mainly hydrocarbon gases.

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