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Can lithium batteries be charged quickly? Is fast charging harmful to lithium batteries? Whether fast charging harms lithium batteries is a matter of discussion based on the battery itself, and it is difficult to generalize. Does fast charging harm lithium batteries? This depends on the battery density, battery material, charging temperature, and the ability of the battery pack management system. You don't have to worry too much about whether fast charging will harm lithium batteries.
Fast charging lithium battery refers to a battery that can be fully charged in a short period of time, usually within 6 minutes, with a capacity of over 95% of the rated capacity. Fast charging of lithium batteries is a relatively general concept, and currently there are two true fast charging technologies: flash charging technology and Qualcomm's QuickCharge2.0 technology. It has three different implementation forms:
(1) Keep the voltage constant and increase the current;
(2) Keep the current constant and increase the voltage;
(3) Both voltage and current have increased.
Can lithium batteries be charged quickly?
Whether lithium batteries can be charged quickly depends on the experimental data of lithium battery manufacturers. Not all lithium batteries can be charged quickly, otherwise it will greatly reduce the lifespan of lithium batteries, and there are also risks such as fire and explosion. Therefore, each manufacturer will configure slow and fast charging ports based on the characteristics of lithium batteries, and the BMS system will manage the charging process uniformly. As long as charging is done according to the manufacturer's requirements, it is safe.
Some people say that charging a lithium battery is like pouring beer. It is fast and can fill beer quickly, but it has a lot of foam. Pouring slowly, slow speed, but with plenty of beer, very practical. Fast charging not only saves charging time, but also causes significant damage to the battery itself.
Taking lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries as examples, the advantage of lithium iron phosphate batteries is their high temperature resistance, so the temperature increase caused by fast charging has almost no effect on them.
Is fast charging harmful to lithium batteries?
The essence of fast charging and discharging of lithium batteries is that lithium ions can be quickly deintercalated between positive and negative electrode materials. The properties of battery materials, process design, and charging and discharging systems all have an impact on the high current charging performance. Fast charging will instantly input a large current into the battery, and frequent use of fast charging mode will reduce the battery's regenerative ability and decrease the number of charging and discharging cycles.
Practical theory has proven that fast charging is the most destructive for lithium batteries. The working principle of fast charging is to first increase the voltage and then increase the current. Just like this, fast charging also uses this principle, so a large amount of current storage plates will experience overspeed reactions. This reaction generates a large amount of heat, which can damage or prematurely age lithium batteries due to internal resistance and exceeding temperature limits.
Fast charging only increases the input current within the allowable range, so it should not cause any damage. However, lithium batteries generate more heat than slow charging, which may accelerate aging. Based on my practical experience, slow charging has a longer usage time than fast charging.
Slow charging refers to charging the battery by plugging it into a 220V AC power outlet at home. Due to the fact that the battery cannot accept AC charging, slow charging converts 220V AC power into DC power and boosts it to the charging voltage of the battery, such as 500V DC power, and then uses this 500V DC power to charge the battery. Simply put, fast charging has high quality requirements for lithium batteries, and the reaction conditions of batteries under high current are too harsh and severe, deviating far from the equilibrium state, resulting in significant loss of battery life and a significant decrease in safety factor. Therefore, it is advisable to do less when unnecessary.
Summary: The principle of lithium-ion batteries has taught people that they cannot be charged quickly. Generally, the charging current of lithium batteries is set between 0.2C and 1C, and the higher the current, the faster the charging. The 'fast charging' technology for lithium batteries has not truly broken through yet!

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