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Before explaining the common battery models for electric bicycles, it should be first made clear that what is referred to here are the lead-acid batteries that are most commonly used in the market at present, rather than the lithium-ion batteries which are attracting increasing attention. Then, two important parameters will be explained: voltage and capacity. Because they are the data to be collected for the "identity card" of lead-acid batteries.

The voltage of each unit of a lead-acid battery is 2V. Each single battery is composed of 6 units, so the voltage is 12V. The most common lithium battery combinations for electric bicycles are formed by connecting 3 or 4 batteries in series. When 3 are connected in series, it is 36V, and when 4 are connected in series, it is 48V. Now there are also 16V single batteries composed of 8 battery units.

The capacity of a lead-acid battery is determined by the voltage. Taking a 12V lead-acid battery as an example, its minimum working voltage is 10.5V, and its maximum working voltage is 13.5V. Discharging from the maximum working voltage to the minimum working voltage represents 100% discharge, and at this point the battery stops working. The amount of electricity released during this process is the capacity of the storage battery.

Now let's look at the combination of battery voltage and capacity:

For 36V, the common capacities are: 10Ah, 12Ah; and individually there are also 14Ah, 17Ah, 20Ah.

For 48V, the common capacities are: 10Ah, 12Ah, 14Ah, 17Ah, 120Ah; and individually there are also 15Ah, 16Ah, 18Ah, 22Ah, 24Ah.

Some consumers may not know the specific model of the electric bicycle battery they have bought. At this time, it can be identified from the charger. The method is to compare the output voltage and output current on the charger:

Generally speaking, the labeling method for a 36V battery is: "Output voltage 36V - 42V, DC × A". The corresponding relationship between the output current and capacity of this kind of battery is: 1.5A corresponds to 10Ah, and 1.6A corresponds to 12Ah.

The labeling method for a 48V battery is: "Output voltage 48V - 59V, DC ×× A". The corresponding relationship between the output current and capacity of this kind of battery is: 1.7A corresponds to 10Ah, 1.8A corresponds to 12Ah, 2.0A corresponds to 14Ah, 2.3A corresponds to 17Ah, and 2.5A corresponds to 20Ah.

In addition to the charger labeling method, it can also be calculated from the battery itself. As mentioned above, currently single lead-acid batteries generally have two types: 12V (composed of 6 battery units) and 16V (composed of 8 battery units). The voltage of the single battery will be indicated on the battery itself. And since the combination method of lead-acid batteries is in series, the voltage of the battery pack can be obtained by multiplying the voltage of the single battery by the number of batteries. And the capacity of the battery pack is equal to the capacity of the single battery. For example, when the battery box is opened and 3 batteries are found, if these 3 batteries are 16V each, then the voltage of the battery pack is 16V × 3 = 48V; if these 3 batteries are 12V each, then the voltage of the battery pack is 12V × 3 = 36V. Then, what if 4 batteries are found when the battery box is opened? At this time, if these 4 batteries are 16V each, then the voltage of the battery pack is 16V × 4 = 64V; if these 3 batteries are 12V each, then the voltage of the battery pack is 12V × 4 = 48V.

It can be seen that for a 48V battery pack, it may be formed by connecting 3 batteries in series or 4 batteries in series.

Capacity is relatively easy to identify. For example, if "6-DZM-10" is indicated on the battery body, it means that the battery/battery pack is 10Ah. If "6-DZM-12" is indicated on the battery body, it means that the battery/battery pack is 12Ah. Of course, batteries with false capacity markings are not within the scope of this discussion.

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