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What do SOC and SOH mean for lithium-ion batteries? The impact of SOC state on lithium-ion batteries. The state of lithium-ion batteries includes battery temperature, SOC, SOH, SOS, SOF, and SOE. In order to fully utilize the power performance of the battery system, improve its safety in use, prevent overcharging and overdischarging of the battery, extend the service life of the battery, optimize driving, and improve the performance of electric vehicles, the BMS system needs to accurately estimate the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries. SOC is an important parameter used to describe the charging and discharging capacity of a battery during use.

What do SOC and SOH mean for lithium-ion batteries?

SOC refers to the state of charge, also known as remaining charge, which represents the ratio of the remaining capacity of a battery after a period of use or long-term storage to its fully charged capacity. It is commonly expressed as a percentage. Its value range is 0~1. When SOC=0, it indicates that the battery is fully discharged, and when SOC=1, it indicates that the battery is fully charged. The SOC of lithium-ion batteries cannot be directly measured, and its magnitude can only be estimated through parameters such as battery terminal voltage, charge and discharge current, and internal resistance. And these parameters are also affected by various uncertain factors such as battery aging, environmental temperature changes, and vehicle driving status, so accurate SOC estimation has become an urgent problem to be solved in the development of electric vehicles.

SOH refers to the capacity, health, and performance status of a battery. Simply put, it is the ratio of performance parameters to nominal parameters after a period of use. For newly manufactured batteries, it is 100%, and for completely scrapped batteries, it is 0%. It is the ratio of the capacity released by a battery when discharged at a certain rate from a fully charged state to the cut-off voltage to its corresponding nominal capacity, which can be simply understood as the maximum capacity of the battery. There is a certain relationship between the internal resistance of batteries and SOH. The lower the State of Health (SOH), the greater the internal resistance of lithium-ion batteries. By detecting data such as voltage, current, and temperature, the internal resistance value of the battery can be indirectly calculated, and then the SOH can be calculated based on the relationship between SOH and battery internal resistance. However, the internal resistance of the battery does not change significantly when the SOH variation range is not large, while the resistance value changes significantly when the battery ages severely. Therefore, this method has a larger measurement error when the SOH variation is small

The influence of SOC state on lithium-ion batteries

1. The cycle life and SOC of lithium-ion batteries follow the expected trend, with a significant increase in cycle life as SOC decreases.

2. SOC is the most important parameter in BMS, involving all other operational tasks of BMS, so the accuracy and robustness of SOC are extremely important. If there is no precise SOC, BMS cannot function properly, and the battery will often be in a protected state, resulting in a shortened battery life. The higher the precision, the greater the range of the battery with the same capacity.

3. During the thermal runaway process of lithium-ion batteries, a considerable amount of heat comes from the stored electrical energy. Usually, when the SOC state is high, it can also lead to an increase in the reactivity of the positive and negative electrode materials and a decrease in thermal stability. Therefore, the SOC state of lithium-ion batteries has a crucial impact on their safety under abuse conditions.

4. Different temperatures and SOC have varying effects on the storage of lithium-ion batteries. 55 ℃ has the greatest impact on the capacity degradation of lithium-ion batteries, while 0% and 100% SOC are not the optimal states of charge for optimal battery performance. The optimal storage conditions for iron phosphate lithium-ion batteries were investigated by considering various factors.

The above is the meaning of SOC and SOH in lithium-ion batteries, as well as the impact of SOC status on lithium-ion batteries. The aging of lithium-ion batteries is a long-term gradual process, and the health status of the battery is affected by various factors such as temperature, current rate, and cut-off voltage. The assessment of battery health status has guiding significance for the use, maintenance, and economic analysis of batteries, but there is a lack of targeted organization and summary of battery health status assessment.

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