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The production of lithium batteries requires the use of lithium cobalt oxide, copper, aluminum, nickel, etc., so if discarded casually, it may still have a certain impact on the environment

In addition, there is also the electrolyte used in lithium batteries, which mainly consists of dimethyl sulfate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethylene carbonate (EC). During the production process, some organic waste gases evaporate

Overall, lithium batteries have little impact on the environment. Regardless of production, use, or disposal, they do not contain or produce any toxic or harmful heavy metal elements or substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium, etc

Moreover, the Comprehensive Prevention Plan for Heavy Metal Pollution in the Battery Industry now encourages the development of mercury free zinc manganese batteries, lithium primary batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries, new lead-acid batteries, and super batteries

Lithium is certainly not a heavy metal, it only ranks third in the periodic table.

The pollutant in lithium batteries is Co, which should be used as the positive electrode. Cobalt is ranked 27th on the periodic table after iron and before nickel. As a transition metal, it has an impact on the environment, but not significant.

Another issue is the electrolyte used in lithium batteries, which is organic and has some impact on the environment.

Overall, lithium batteries have little impact on the environment.

Some lithium batteries also use manganese dioxide as the positive electrode, which is very stable and has little impact on the environment.

The production of lithium batteries requires the use of lithium cobalt oxide, copper, aluminum, nickel, etc., so if discarded casually, it may still have a certain impact on the environment

In addition, there is also the electrolyte used in lithium batteries, which mainly consists of dimethyl sulfate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethylene carbonate (EC). During the production process, some organic waste gases evaporate

Overall, lithium batteries have little impact on the environment. Regardless of production, use, or disposal, they do not contain or produce any toxic or harmful heavy metal elements or substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium, etc

Moreover, the Comprehensive Prevention Plan for Heavy Metal Pollution in the Battery Industry now encourages the development of mercury free zinc manganese batteries, lithium primary batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries, new lead-acid batteries, and super batteries

The process of making polarizer: In these several stages, using the mainstream domestic lithium iron phosphate system, even the ternary system, there is no significant pollution. Of course, the ternary system may still have some pollution compared to lithium cobalt oxide. For example, cobalt, manganese, and nickel are all heavy metals, but they are relatively environmentally friendly. Among them, lithium iron phosphate is the most environmentally friendly. The remaining part, in addition to the contamination of the materials mentioned above, is mainly composed of cyclic/chain carbonates or carboxylic esters as solvents in the injection solution. The solute is mainly lithium salt lithium hexafluorophosphate, and the additives are mainly film-forming additives, flame retardant additives, conductive additives, and low-temperature discharge improvement additives. The pollution throughout the entire process is also okay, of course, chemical agents, if not controlled properly, will definitely cause pollution to the environment. As for the final packaging and transformation, the pollution is even smaller.

3. Let's talk about the recycling part for lithium cobalt oxide and ternary systems. Of course, it is still necessary to recycle them, as they contain heavy metals. However, lithium iron phosphate is basically harmless except for its internal electrolyte, and compared to other batteries, it does not produce any toxic or harmful metal elements and substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium, etc., so the pollution is relatively small. However, the substances in waste lithium-ion batteries entering the environment can still cause heavy metal pollution such as nickel and cobalt (including arsenic), fluorine pollution, organic pollution, dust and acid-base pollution. Electrolytes and their conversion products of waste lithium-ion batteries, such as LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiCF3S03, HF, P201, solvents and their decomposition and hydrolysis products, such as DME, methanol, formic acid, etc., are all toxic and harmful substances. It is still necessary to send waste lithium-ion batteries to qualified places for unified treatment and not dispose of them casually.

1. Positive and negative electrode current collectors are generally made of aluminum foil for the positive electrode and copper foil for the negative electrode. It is also possible to weld some nickel strips for conductive connection. These are basically non-toxic. Some waste lithium battery recycling units that have emerged now make money by recycling these and steel and aluminum shells. Tags: recyclable, pollution-free.

2. The negative electrode is usually graphite, and a few may be lithium titanate or silicon based materials. Of course, there are tin based negative electrodes, but they are too fucking high-end, and no one uses them now. Graphite is divided into natural graphite and artificial graphite. Natural graphite comes from graphite ore and is then processed. The mining of this natural graphite causes serious pollution, mainly damaging the respiratory tract. You can search for it; Artificial graphite is made by high-temperature graphitization of high molecular weight materials such as petroleum coke or asphalt, and is basically pollution-free. There are some methods for recovering graphite flotation from lithium batteries, but I don't know how they are currently being used. They can definitely be recovered. The production process of lithium titanate is unclear. Silicon based negative electrodes are basically pollution-free. Evaluate based on the largest amount of graphite used. Label: Moderate pollution, unknown recycling status.

3. Positive electrode: Currently, positive electrodes include lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, ternary materials, lithium cobalt oxide, and lithium nickel cobalt aluminate. Lithium iron phosphate, commonly used as automotive batteries or energy storage batteries, is non-toxic. Lithium manganese oxide, electric bicycle battery, non-toxic. Ternary material: Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, widely used in electric bicycles, electronic products, model aircraft, etc., cobalt element is toxic. Lithium cobalt oxide, digital products, mobile phones, pads, etc., moderate toxicity. Lithium nickel cobalt aluminate: unknown, speculated to be the same as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide.

5. There are several types of shells: aluminum shell, steel shell, plastic shell, aluminum-plastic film. The aluminum shell and steel shell are non-toxic. Plastic shells and aluminum-plastic films are white pollution.

6. Diaphragm, usually a microporous film of polyolefin, PP, PE, white pollution.

7. Adhesives generally include styrene butadiene rubber SBR, polyvinylidene fluoride PVdF, and some acrylic adhesives. Consider these as white pollution. In addition, the substance used in lithium battery processing is mainly NMP (micro toxic), which is used as a solvent for the positive and negative electrodes and evaporates during the manufacturing process. Enterprises need to control its emissions and recycle it. I think there are three main types of pollution problems with lithium batteries currently:

Firstly, the pollution caused by cleaning the equipment for positive and negative electrode pulping and coating during the production process includes substances such as positive and negative electrode materials, NMP, glue, etc. Some companies have poor control (malicious speculation and unwillingness to control), resulting in the leakage of toxic wastewater. The first point is that the cleaning and injection of electrolyte during the production process may cause water containing electrolyte to flow into the sewer. In general, technical researchers are likely to discharge water directly into the sewer system. Secondly, NMP recycling is not thorough. Thirdly, there are indeed very few recycled lithium batteries circulating in the market. Firstly, lithium batteries themselves have low pollution, and people do not pay enough attention to them;

Secondly, the return on lithium battery recycling is low. As a result, lithium batteries are no longer widely recycled like lead-acid batteries, and are more like nickel hydrogen batteries, with only a few slogans such as "Do not dispose of batteries casually".

Lithium ion batteries (used in digital consumer goods, laptops, electric motorcycles, plug-in hybrid cars, pure electric buses, etc.) are more environmentally friendly than lead-acid batteries. Misconception 2: Lead acid batteries are more toxic than lithium-ion batteries. At present, lithium-ion batteries are becoming increasingly close to people's lives, mainly due to the popularity of mobile phones and digital electronic products. The application of lithium-ion batteries is gradually expanding to electric bicycles, hybrid cars, etc. The market for some lead-acid batteries is gradually being eroded by lithium batteries, but it is impossible to completely replace them. Although there are many lithium-ion batteries (such as discarded mobile phone batteries) in every household, their recycling is currently limited to manufacturing enterprises, mainly including precious metals cobalt nickel in positive electrode materials such as lithium cobalt oxide and nickel cobalt manganese oxide, negative electrode graphite, current collectors such as aluminum and copper (ultra-high purity), and casings. Just like the recycling of waste seen on the streets and alleys, where there is value, there are naturally people recycling it, but the pollution involved has not decreased at all. At present, lithium-ion batteries are liquid electrolytes, which consist of various organic solvents, lithium salts, and other components, including toxic, harmful, and even carcinogenic substances; In the future, solid-state electrolyte lithium-ion batteries may become popular, but that's another story. Compared to lead-acid batteries, everyone knows that electric bicycle sellers are very enthusiastic about recycling lead-acid batteries and the public is also willing to do so. The reason is that maintenance free lead-acid battery recycling is already very mature, and both society and enterprises have fulfilled their obligations and responsibilities for its recycling. On the user side, as long as there is no damage, there will be no pollution. The same applies to the production of lead-acid batteries, where the main pollutant is lead powder. Without contact or inhalation, poisoning will not occur; The electrolyte is a water solvent, sulfuric acid. On the other hand, lead-acid enterprises have formed an oligopoly through strong national rectification, and their product quality is relatively reliable. However, lithium battery companies vary greatly, and everyone has experienced similar situations such as phone battery bloating, sudden capacity reduction, and extremely short lifespan. In severe cases, even explosion accidents have occurred. Once lithium-ion batteries are overcharged or discharged, they are easily prone to combustion hazards due to impact. The manufacturing process is also affected by the toxicity of organic solvents, resulting in wastewater, dust pollution, and multiple fire accidents... In short, the lithium battery industry has gradually formed a scale, and with some government regulation and integration in the future, it will improve.

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