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The production process of ternary positive electrode materials for lithium batteries. Lithium battery ternary positive electrode materials dominate the future trend, while high nickel and high voltage lead technological changes. With the increasing standards for range of new energy vehicles, traditional lithium iron phosphate power batteries are gradually giving way to ternary positive electrode material batteries. Due to the fact that the high energy density positive electrode materials in the current market are ternary materials with different ratios, this article starts with ternary materials and introduces the industrial production methods of materials.

Production process flow of ternary positive electrode materials for lithium batteries

The three main stages in the production of ternary materials for lithium batteries are mixing abrasives, high-temperature sintering, and crushing and decomposition. The control of each stage and the performance of the equipment will have a direct or indirect impact on the final product. Grading, screening, and packaging are the final stages of ternary materials. Let's take a look at these stages.

● Grading

The particle size distribution of ternary lithium battery materials can affect the specific surface area, compaction density, electrode processing performance, and electrical performance of the battery. And the crushing equipment can only control the particle size of the material, but cannot control the particle size distribution of the material. To control the particle size distribution of the material, grading equipment is needed. The grading of ternary materials is generally achieved by adding an airflow grading device after the airflow crusher, which directly grades the crushed products.

According to the particle size distribution requirements of ternary materials, different airflow classifiers and classification processes can be selected.

● Screening

In order to avoid the presence of foreign objects or coarse particles in the material, it is also necessary to screen the ternary materials of lithium batteries. The Dmax of ternary materials is at least less than 50 μ m, but sometimes there may be situations where Dmax exceeds the standard. The vibrating screen has a high screening efficiency, generally ranging from 80% to 95%; The range of particle size for screening raw materials is large, from greater than 250mm to 0.1mm or 0.01mm; Large output per unit area; Easy to adjust, with fewer clogged sieve holes. This type of sieve requires specialized transmission equipment and consumes power.

For the entire operation of a vibrating screen, the most important components are the screen mesh, motor, and bearings. The selection of screen mesh is crucial in the use of ternary materials for lithium batteries. Because the manufacturing process of ternary materials should avoid introducing iron impurities or other metals, the material of the screen mesh needs to be non-metallic and resistant to alkali corrosion.

● Packaging

The packaging of ternary lithium battery materials is generally vacuum packed or filled with inert gas after vacuum treatment. There are many types of vacuum packaging machines, usually divided into mechanical extrusion type, tube insertion type, chamber conveyor belt type, rotary table type, and thermoforming type. The principle of mechanical extrusion vacuum packaging is that after the packaging bag is filled, the air inside the bag is expelled on both sides with elastic materials such as sponges, and then sealed. This method is the simplest, but has a low vacuum degree, and is used in situations where the vacuum degree requirement is not high.

At present, lithium battery cathode materials mainly include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, and ternary cathode materials, which are mainly used in the fields of 3C, power batteries, and energy storage. At present, lithium-ion battery cathode materials mainly include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, and ternary cathode materials, which are mainly used in the fields of 3C, power batteries, and energy storage.

Lithium battery ternary positive electrode materials require a long period of experience accumulation in battery technology, supporting technology, application characteristics, safety strategies, and other aspects in order to embark on a bright path, as mass production technology is still in its infancy.

From the perspective of the development of lithium battery materials, the irreversible demand for high energy density has made ternary batteries a trend, while driving up the demand for ternary lithium battery materials in the market. As the production capacity of battery and lithium battery material enterprises is gradually released, competition among enterprises will intensify. Only by continuously strengthening technological innovation, grasping core technologies, and improving the quality of their own products can enterprises seek greater development.

The positive electrode materials for ternary lithium batteries will benefit from two major driving factors in the coming years: the rapid development of new energy vehicles and the continuous increase in the penetration rate of ternary positive electrodes. It is expected to achieve a compound annual growth rate of 80% in the future. Compared to lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium batteries have higher energy density, which is in line with the trend of vehicle upgrades. Therefore, the proportion of ternary materials is gradually increasing.

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