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Overcharging:

Overcharging refers to the situation where the charging voltage of a lithium-ion battery exceeds the set voltage, such as a rated voltage of 3.7V and a full charge voltage of 4.2 ± 0.05V. That is to say, the maximum voltage is 4.25V. If it exceeds 4.25V, it is called overcharging. What harm does overcharging have to the battery?

When overcharged, the battery voltage rapidly increases with increasing polarization, causing irreversible changes in the structure of the positive electrode active material and the decomposition of the electrolyte. A large amount of gas is produced, releasing a large amount of heat, causing a sharp increase in battery temperature and internal pressure. The internal separator melts or contracts, resulting in short circuits in contact between positive and negative electrode materials, posing hidden dangers such as explosion and combustion.

Overdischarge:

Overdischarge refers to the discharge of a ternary lithium-ion battery when the voltage reaches the rated voltage and continues to discharge. For example, if the rated discharge voltage of a ternary lithium-ion battery is 3.2V and continues to discharge below 3.2V, it is called overdischarge. What are the hazards of excessive discharge to batteries?

After discharging the stored energy inside the battery, if the voltage reaches a certain value and continues to discharge, it will cause over discharge. Over discharge of the battery may bring catastrophic consequences, especially high current over discharge or repeated over discharge, which have a greater impact on the battery. Generally speaking, over discharge can increase the internal pressure of the battery, disrupt the reversibility of positive and negative active substances, decompose the electrolyte, deposit lithium on the negative electrode, increase resistance, and even if charged, only partially recover, resulting in a significant decrease in capacity.

How to prevent overcharging or discharging of batteries?

1： Using a lithium-ion battery specific protection board (BMS) in conjunction with the battery, the protection board can protect the battery from overcharging or over discharging. The intelligent version can also set the charging and discharging voltages to better protect the battery.

2： Use a matching lithium-ion battery charger, do not use fast charging.

3： When the battery voltage reaches the voltage set by the protection board, the protection board will cut off the power to protect the battery, but the lithium-ion battery will fall back and the voltage will rise, which will be slightly higher than the voltage set by the protection board. At this point, it can no longer be used. Repeated use can cause irreversible damage to the battery.

The lifespan of lithium-ion batteries has been determined. Firstly, there is an objective fact that cannot be changed, which is the lifespan of a mobile phone battery. It is somewhat similar to the lifespan of a person. If a person tries too hard, they may live a few less years, but if they have good habits, they can live a few more years. The same goes for lithium-ion batteries. If used properly, they can last for a few more years, and if used improperly, their lifespan will be very short. Just as human life is the same, there will always be an end to the twists and turns, and lithium-ion batteries are no exception. With the passage of time, even if not used, they will gradually age. And it is also irreversible aging, so if the battery capacity of the phone has been depleted, there is no way to restore it to the state of the new phone at that time.

The working principle of lithium-ion batteries is very simple. Charging and discharging are actually chemical reactions inside the battery. Regardless of which, they will undergo the movement of ions from the negative electrode to the positive electrode or from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. The compounds that make up the positive and negative electrodes change back and forth with the reaction, and the loss of the battery is actually reduced by the activity of the ions.

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