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Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States have developed a new type of carbon fiber lithium air battery, whose energy density is four times that of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries widely used in mobile phones and cars. The research was published in the latest issue of energy and environmental science.

Last year, a scientific research team led by Yang Shaohong, Professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and engineering at MIT, improved the energy density of lithium air batteries by using rare metal crystals. Theoretically, the energy density of the lithium air battery is higher than that of the lithium ion battery, because it uses a porous carbon electrode to replace the heavy solid electrode. The carbon electrode can store energy by capturing oxygen from the air floating above it. Oxygen and lithium ions combine to form lithium oxide.

The latest research has taken a step forward. The carbon fiber electrode produced has more pores than other carbon electrodes. Therefore, when the battery is discharged, there are more pores to store solid lithium oxide.

Robert Mitchell, a co-author of the paper and a graduate student of MIT's Department of materials science and engineering, said: "we have planted vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays using the chemical vapor deposition process. These arrays, like blankets, are energy storage 'scaffolds' with high conductivity and low density."

Another researcher, beta gallant, a graduate student in MIT's Department of mechanical engineering, explained that during the discharge process, lithium peroxide particles will appear on carbon fibers, and carbon will add weight to the battery. Therefore, it is very important to minimize the amount of carbon and leave enough space for lithium peroxide, which is an active chemical formed in the discharge process of lithium air batteries. Yang Shaohong said: "the newly manufactured materials like blankets have more than 90% of the pore space, and their energy density is four times that of lithium-ion batteries with the same weight. Last year, we have proved that carbon particles can be used to make effective electrodes for lithium air batteries, but the carbon structure at that time had only 70% of the pore space."

Scientists pointed out that because the arrangement of carbon particles in this carbon fiber electrode is very orderly, while the carbon particles in other electrodes are very chaotic, it is relatively easy to observe the behavior of this electrode in the middle of charging using a scanning electron microscope, which helps them improve the efficiency of the battery, and also helps explain why the performance of the existing system will decline after multiple charging and discharging cycles. However, the commercialization of this carbon fiber lithium air battery needs further research.

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