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Why do power lithium batteries have three shapes? Why is the square battery market so strong? With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the installed capacity of power lithium batteries is also increasing. The selection of power lithium batteries has gradually become one of the most important issues for vehicle enterprises. Due to the differences in packaging materials and structures, square, cylindrical and flexible batteries have mixed advantages and disadvantages. On the other hand, the current power lithium battery industry is in a period of great change, with various technological innovations emerging in an endless stream, and various factors will affect the market share change of power lithium battery.

As for new energy vehicles, the durability and convenience of power energy is the most critical. Now in the new energy field where electricity is an important energy source, the development of power lithium battery is the top priority. At present, there are three types of packaging for power lithium batteries: cylindrical, square and soft package. Intuitively, they differ only in shape, but also in terms of technology development and application.

Why do power lithium batteries have three shapes?

Power lithium battery and energy storage battery are two major scenarios for the application of battery technology at present. Energy storage battery corresponds to solar energy and other equipment, while power lithium battery corresponds to new energy vehicles. The battery technology company, once led by Japan and South Korea, long ago classified the packaging types of power lithium batteries into three major forms.

Because of the different manufacturing and packaging methods, the three types of batteries have obvious differences in shape. However, it has no influence on the working principle of the battery itself. The manufacturing method is mainly aimed at different working conditions and standards, equipment application and more. To give a less rigorous example, it is like cake is made into different shapes, but the principle of raw material baking and fermentation is the same.

Due to the long development time of the cylindrical battery, the manufacturing process is more mature and the cost is lower. At the same time, there is also a fixed international standard to measure the quality of the product. However, in terms of battery layout and energy density, cylindrical batteries still have room for further improvement.

Although it is difficult to compare the square battery and the flexible battery with the cylindrical battery in terms of standardization, its customizable characteristics enable it to better coordinate with the vehicle and meet the special needs of different manufacturers and different models. Cylindrical, square and soft pack batteries have their own value in the market, but cylindrical ternary lithium-ion batteries have become the mainstream at present, which is also a compromise choice for vehicle enterprises after weighing performance and cost.

Why is the square battery market so strong?

1. From the perspective of modeling: compared with cylindrical battery, square battery has relatively high plasticity, and can be customized according to the specific needs of carrying products, which can adapt to various needs;

2. In terms of performance: square battery has the advantages of small internal resistance, long cycle life, high packaging reliability, good tolerance, relatively simple grouping, and high system energy efficiency. With these advantages, square battery can better meet the market demand at the current stage;

3. In terms of safety: according to the complete statistics of new energy vehicle fire incidents in 2018, the accident rate of cylindrical battery is relatively high, while the accident rate of square battery is relatively low. According to the current form, the main engine manufacturers also prefer to use square batteries for medium and high-end models.

From the installed capacity of domestic power lithium batteries in August 2018, the installed capacity of square batteries reached 3.05Gwh, accounting for 73.05%; In the field of cylindrical battery, the overall market share of cylindrical battery is in a downward trend because it has basically withdrawn from supply this year. The installed capacity in August was only 0.6 Gwh, accounting for 14.3%; The installed capacity of the soft bag field increased rapidly, and the installed capacity of the soft bag battery was 0.52Gwh in August, accounting for 12.65%.

In the current new energy vehicle market, the three types of batteries, cylindrical, square and soft bag, are used by the manufacturer, and each has its own place. At this stage, the three types of batteries are not absolutely good or bad, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The cylindrical battery has a considerable advantage in consistency due to its long development time, and its manufacturing process is also more mature and its cost is lower.

However, in terms of battery layout and energy density, cylindrical batteries still have room for further improvement. The square battery has the advantages of small internal resistance, long cycle life, high packaging reliability, good tolerance, relatively simple grouping, and high system energy efficiency. It was once considered the most suitable battery design for new energy vehicle applications, and has been favored by battery and vehicle companies for many years. It can be said that the three battery shapes have their own advantages.

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