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The Argonne National Laboratory of the United States Department of Energy announced three days ago that scientists have developed a new cathode coating using oxidation chemical vapor deposition technology, which can help solve several potential problems of lithium-ion batteries.

The new cathode coating can "kill two birds with one stone": improve the safety and energy density of lithium batteries

New coating is expected to be commercially available

Compared with the traditional coating that only protects the surface of cathode particles, the new PEDOT coating has the ability to penetrate the interior of cathode particles, adding an additional shielding layer for it. Khalil Amine, an outstanding researcher and battery scientist in Argonne, said that this new coating is expected to be put into commercial use in the next few years.

According to the data of IHS Markit, a global information provider, the growing global energy storage market is expected to deploy 4.3 GW of grid-connected energy storage equipment this year. The new coating discovered by scientists may solve the biggest concern of the battery energy storage industry - density and safety, and the global energy storage market may become more vigorous.

The new cathode coating can "kill two birds with one stone": improve the safety and energy density of lithium batteries

New coating can "kill two birds with one stone"

Obviously, battery safety has always been one of the focuses of scientists' research, but it is only under pressure that there is power.

The explosion accident of battery facilities in the past two years has undoubtedly accelerated the research of battery industry in this field. Argonne Lab said that after two years of research and optimization, a coating has been developed that can prevent the chemical reaction between the battery and the electrolyte, and allow all other reaction processes of the battery to work normally without interference. In this study, it was the first to extract particles from nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) cathode material and wrap them with a sulfur-containing polymer called PEDOT. When the battery is charged and discharged, this polymer provides a layer of protection for the cathode to protect it from the battery electrolyte. Xu Guiliang, a chemist at Argonne Laboratory, said: "This coating is essentially friendly to all processes and chemical processes that make the battery work, and is not friendly to all reactions that may lead to battery degradation or failure."

Scientists also found that this PEDOT coating can inhibit the release of oxygen during charging, thus making the structure more stable and further improving the safety. And by improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, the new cathode coating PEDOT is expected to reduce the overall cost of the battery, thus realizing large-scale electrification. Researchers believe that with this coating, lithium batteries containing NMC can either operate at a higher voltage to increase energy output, or have a longer life, or both.

The new cathode coating can "kill two birds with one stone": improve the safety and energy density of lithium batteries

At the same time, Argonne Lab solved another important problem related to lithium-ion batteries: performance comparison test. To evaluate whether the innovation of electrode or electrolyte material is an improvement means to compare the test results, but there is no standardized test method for lithium-ion batteries.

Relevant engineers and researchers often design their own programs to characterize lithium-ion batteries according to the expected application of lithium-ion battery technology. This makes the comparison of any technological innovation extremely complicated.

In order to solve this problem, Argonne Laboratory, in cooperation with Warwick University, OVO Energy, the National Energy Institute of Hawaii and Jaguar Land Rover, reviewed the literature of various test methods used to characterize the performance of lithium-ion batteries around the world, in order to provide insights into best practices. The laboratory hopes that "our research results will one day bring more reliable and comparable methods for testing lithium-ion batteries for different applications".

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