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Graphene batteries were quite popular in the battery industry in the past few years, but eventually fell silent. The mainstream battery in the market is still lithium batteries. Which is better, graphene batteries or lithium batteries, needs to be compared based on their own material characteristics and market application advantages and disadvantages to distinguish their strengths and weaknesses under what circumstances.
Graphene battery
1. Advantages and disadvantages of graphene batteries
Graphene battery: Graphene battery is a honeycomb shaped flat film formed by sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms. It is a quasi two-dimensional material with only one atomic layer thickness, so it is also called single atomic layer graphite. A new energy battery has been developed by utilizing the rapid and large-scale shuttle motion of lithium ions between the graphene surface and electrodes.
(1) Advantages of Graphene Batteries:
1) The storage capacity is three times that of the best products in the current market. The specific energy value of a lithium battery (based on the most advanced) is 180wh/kg, while the specific energy value of a graphene battery exceeds 600whkg.
2) Electric vehicles powered by this battery can travel up to 1000 kilometers, with a charging time of less than 8 minutes.
3) Long service life. Its lifespan is four times that of traditional hydrogenated batteries and twice that of lithium batteries.
4) Lightweight. The characteristics of graphene allow the weight of the battery to be reduced by half of traditional batteries, which can improve the efficiency of the machine loading the battery.
5) Graphene has greater and more advantages compared to traditional batteries. In terms of lifespan, its lifespan is twice that of lithium batteries and four times that of hydrogenated batteries.
6) Faster charging speed and more durable than lithium batteries at high temperatures.
(2) Disadvantages of Graphene Batteries:
1) At present, graphene has not yet reached the practical stage and there is still a long way to go before mass production.
2) These graphene batteries on the market are not pure graphene batteries either. They are just a mixture of graphene related technologies on the basis of lithium batteries. Compared with traditional lithium batteries, the performance improvement it brings is only a little bit. In addition, the cost of graphene is very high, and its manufacturing process is also very advanced. The production process of graphene batteries is still not mature enough, and currently only in the laboratory stage, it cannot reach mass production.
3) Incompatible process characteristics. The large specific surface area of graphene can cause a lot of process problems in the dispersion and homogenization processes of existing lithium-ion batteries. If the battery factory's process adjustment is exhausting and there is not enough profit margin driven by breakthrough performance indicators, who would be willing to adopt this technology? The surface properties of graphene are greatly affected by its chemical state, and there are many issues with batch stability, cycle life, etc. Currently, it cannot meet the detailed requirements of lithium battery production.
2. Advantages and disadvantages of lithium batteries
lithium battery
(1) Advantages of lithium batteries
1) The energy density is high, with volumetric energy density and mass energy density reaching 450W.h/dm3 and 150W.h/kg, respectively, and continuously improving.
2) The average output voltage is high (about 3.6V), which is three times that of Ni Cd and Ni-l batteries.
3) High output power.
4) The self discharge is small, less than 10% per month, which is less than half of Ni Cd and Ni Ml.
5) Without the same memory effect as Ni Cd and Ni MH batteries, the cycling performance is superior.
6) It can be quickly charged and discharged, with a capacity of over 80% of the nominal capacity when charged at 1C.
7) The charging efficiency is high, basically reaching 100% after the first cycle.
8) The working temperature range is wide, -30~+45 ℃. With the improvement of electrolyte and positive electrode, it is expected to be expanded to
-40~+70 ℃, low temperature may extend to -60 ℃.
9) No maintenance required.
10) Green batteries are more environmentally friendly and are called green batteries.
11) Long service life, 100% DOD charging and discharging can reach over 900 times; When using shallow depth (30% DOD) charging and discharging, the number of cycles has exceeded 5000.
(2) Disadvantages of lithium batteries
1) The high cost is mainly due to the high price of the positive electrode material LiC002. With the continuous development of positive electrode technology, LiMn204, LiFeP04, etc. can be used as positive electrodes, which is expected to greatly reduce the cost of lithium-ion batteries;
2) There must be special protective circuits to prevent overcharging or overdischarging;
3) The compatibility with ordinary batteries is poor because lithium-ion batteries can only be used as a substitute when using three ordinary batteries (3.6V).
Summary: Based on the comparison of the above conditions, from the current situation, lithium batteries have more advantages than graphene batteries in terms of research and development technology maturity, manufacturing costs, and market economic benefits.

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