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Methods for Preparing the Electrolyte of Lead-acid Batteries and Steps for Filling the Electrolyte

The electrolyte of lead-acid batteries is prepared by mixing special sulfuric acid and distilled water in a certain proportion. Its density is generally 1.24 - 1.30 grams per cubic centimeter, and the specific gravity is 12.75 - 12.85 grams per cubic centimeter. For sulfuric acid added with pure water, if water is consumed during the use of the battery, just add pure water and charge the battery.

Methods for Preparing the Electrolyte of Lead-acid Batteries

The electrolyte of lead-acid batteries is a dilute sulfuric acid solution, which is prepared by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to water. The quality of the electrolyte has a great impact on the service life and capacity of the battery. Therefore, it is necessary to master the correct preparation method. The sulfuric acid used for the electrolyte of lead-acid batteries must be special sulfuric acid for batteries. It should be clear, transparent, colorless, and odorless. The contents of iron, arsenic, manganese, chlorine, and nitrogen compounds should not exceed the standard. The water used for preparing the electrolyte should be pure water, distilled water, or drinking purified water.

The electrolyte of lead-acid batteries consists of 80% sulfuric acid and distilled water in a certain proportion, and its density is generally 1.24 - 1.30 g/cm³. During the charging and discharging process of the battery, due to electrolysis and evaporation, the water in the electrolyte will gradually decrease, resulting in a drop in the electrolyte level. If it is not replenished in time, it may shorten the service life of the battery. Distilled water should be replenished in time. Drinking purified water cannot be used as a substitute because it contains various trace elements that will have an adverse impact on the battery.

When preparing the electrolyte of lead-acid batteries, pay attention to its concentration and viscosity. Different types of batteries have different requirements for the concentration of the electrolyte. It is necessary to consider various aspects such as the power supply characteristics of the battery, the battery structure, and the working environment. The following situations must be considered:

1. For batteries that work in a mobile manner and need to adapt to field work, they should be prevented from freezing. There are certain limitations on volume and mass, and a large amount of electrolyte is not allowed. To ensure sufficient capacity, a higher concentration of electrolyte is required. For batteries that work in a fixed manner, there are no too many restrictions on volume and mass. They are generally used indoors.

2. Within a certain range, the higher the concentration of the electrolyte, the greater the concentration of sulfuric acid in the active material of the plates. The utilization rate of the active material is high, and the capacity will also increase. However, if the concentration of the electrolyte is too high, the resistance of the solution will increase, the viscosity will also increase, the penetration speed will be low, and at the same time, the self-discharge will accelerate, and the battery capacity will instead decrease. If the concentration of the electrolyte is too high, the corrosion of the separator will also accelerate, which will shorten the service life of the battery.

3. When choosing the concentration of the electrolyte, the working environment temperature of the battery also needs to be considered. When working in a cold temperature, the concentration of the electrolyte should be a bit higher. When working in a hot temperature, the concentration of the electrolyte can be a bit lower.

4. Before preparation, clean the container thoroughly. To prevent acid from splashing onto the skin, prepare a 5% ammonium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution in advance, as well as some clean water. In case acid is splashed, quickly scrub with the mentioned solution and then rinse with clean water.

5. During preparation, first estimate the required amounts of concentrated sulfuric acid and water. Pour water into the container first, and then slowly pour concentrated sulfuric acid into the water while continuously stirring the solution.

6. The temperature of the freshly prepared solution is very high, so it cannot be immediately injected into the battery. Wait until the temperature drops below 40 °C, then measure the concentration of the solution and adjust it to the standard value before injecting it into the battery.

Steps for Filling the Electrolyte of Lead-acid Batteries

1. Remove the labels on the six electrolyte injection holes of the battery and open the vent holes.

2. Unscrew the end caps of the six electrolyte injection holes of the battery.

3. Shake the plastic bottle containing the electrolyte before opening it.

4. Inject the electrolyte into the injection holes, being careful not to splash it onto the skin. The liquid is a sulfuric acid solution and is corrosive.

5. Each barrel of electrolyte can fill the volume of two injection holes. After the injection of the electrolyte is completed, the liquid level should be between the MAX and MIN lines of the battery. Each battery has six injection holes and requires three barrels of electrolyte.

6. Wipe off the splashed electrolyte on the battery with a wet rag soaked in water.

7. Put the six end caps back on and tighten them.

8. After 30 minutes, when the chemical reaction is completed, use a multimeter to measure the voltage between the positive and negative poles of the battery.

The above are the methods for preparing the electrolyte of lead-acid batteries and the steps for filling the electrolyte of lead-acid batteries. If the electrolyte of the battery is insufficient, the battery panel must be opened, and then the explosion-proof cap must be removed before adding the liquid. After adding the liquid, the explosion-proof cap must be put back on, and then the battery panel must be pasted with glue. When pasting the panel, an air passage must be reserved to prevent it from being completely sealed and causing the explosion-proof cap to lose its ventilation function. There are markings on the battery, with an upper limit and a lower limit. Generally, it is appropriate that the electrolyte submerges the lead plate by more than 1 centimeter.

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