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At the initial power on, capacitor C1 is charged through 10K resistor R1, and the potential of C1 slowly rises from low level to VCC and stabilizes.

When the power is cut off, the potential of C1 approaches VCC and discharges to the VCC power supply terminal of the IC through two channels; One way is through R1 discharge, and the other way is through diode rapid discharge. Without the presence of D1, C1 can only slowly discharge to the IC's VCC power supply terminal through a 10K resistor. Therefore, with the presence of D1, the discharge speed is much faster than the charging speed.

Yes, because of the function of diodes, when the power supply is powered on, the diode is reverse biased, which is equivalent to disconnection. The power supply charges the capacitor through a resistor, and the charging time is related to the capacitance and resistance of the capacitor. When the power supply is powered off, it can be considered that the power supply voltage is 0, that is, VCC is short circuited to ground, and the capacitor discharges through the diode and resistor. Due to the small resistance of the diode conductor, the discharge time is very short..

When a capacitor is interrupted in a powered circuit, it stores a certain amount of voltage. When there are other loads or components in the circuit, it will slowly discharge, or it can be quickly discharged by artificially short circuiting small resistors or wires (at low voltage).

What is the principle of capacitance? How to connect the wires?

A capacitor is composed of an insulating material (dielectric) sandwiched between two metal plate electrodes. When a certain voltage is applied to two electrodes, an electric field is generated between the two metal plate electrodes. Under the action of the electric field, the electrons of the insulating material (medium) sandwiched in between are pulled closer to the positive electrode plate, forming a persistent electric field. This process is called charging the capacitor; After the voltage applied to the two electrodes disappears, the electrons are subjected to the dual effects of the atomic nucleus and electric field force, and there is a tendency to return to their original positions. When the external circuit is turned on, the electrons return to the other electrode plate through the external circuit under the action of the electric field force, and this process is called discharge.

Capacitors can have lead wires as needed. Generally, each electrode only has one lead wire, so capacitors usually have two legs.

The 3-pin or 4-pin capacitors you mentioned are usually dual capacitors (two capacitors together, with the 3-pin connected in series and the 4-pin connected independently), and the upper capacitance is usually marked as 2 × 000 μ F.

When a capacitor is interrupted in a powered circuit, it stores a certain amount of voltage. When there are other loads or components in the circuit, it will slowly discharge, or it can be quickly discharged by artificially short circuiting small resistors or wires (at low voltage).

When a capacitor needs to discharge, the two poles of the capacitor carry a certain amount of charge, and the external environment and the capacitor form a closed loop (usually excluding the power supply). The two poles of the capacitor form an electric field in the closed loop to force themselves to reach electrostatic balance. The electric field continuously pushes the excess electrons (negative charges) of one pole of the capacitor towards the positive pole of the capacitor, forming a current, neutralizing the charge at both ends of the capacitor. When the middle and middle are completed, the electric field at both ends of the capacitor disappears. However, in ideal situations, in reality, there is always resistance in the closed loop, so the charge at both ends of the capacitor exponentially neutralizes and tends to zero, but it will not be zero.

When a capacitor is interrupted in a powered circuit, it stores a certain amount of voltage. When there are other loads or components in the circuit, it will slowly discharge, or it can be quickly discharged by artificially short circuiting small resistors or wires (at low voltage).

Follow up answer

To discharge, short circuit the two legs of the capacitor with a metal tool. If it is a large capacity capacitor, discharge it with a cement resistor or light bulb. Only high-voltage and high-capacity electrolytic capacitors need to discharge and cut off the power supply, then use the plug of the soldering iron

Clever586 | November 26, 2011

When a capacitor needs to discharge, the two poles of the capacitor carry a certain amount of charge, and the external environment and the capacitor form a closed loop (usually excluding the power supply). The two poles of the capacitor form an electric field in the closed loop to force themselves to reach electrostatic balance. The electric field continuously pushes the excess electrons (negative charges) of one pole of the capacitor towards the positive pole of the capacitor, forming a current, neutralizing the charge at both ends of the capacitor. When the middle and middle are completed, the electric field at both ends of the capacitor disappears. However, in ideal situations, in reality, there is always resistance in the closed loop, so the charge at both ends of the capacitor exponentially neutralizes and tends to zero, but it will not be zero.

Enthusiastic Netizen | November 26, 2011

Just touch the positive and negative poles. Note that if the capacitor withstand voltage and UF are too large, there will be a loud noise when the positive and negative poles collide. It is best to use a light bulb or tungsten wire for discharge to ensure safety.

For small capacitors, simply short-circuit discharge is sufficient. For high voltage and large capacity capacitors, only resistors can be used for slow discharge, or 100W incandescent lamps and electric furnace wires can be used for discharge. It can also be discharged in water (although not recommended, as excessive energy can cause water explosions). Remember, do not short-circuit discharge directly, otherwise the instantaneous energy will be infinite, the spark will be quite dazzling, and the sound will be as loud as a shell. Hehe, it's not to scare you, I've tried it, it can be frightening and life-threatening.

Connect a power plug board with a switch. First, insert the capacitor into the hole of the plug board and turn on and off the switch. The premise is that this capacitor can withstand 220VAC, otherwise it will explode.

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