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There are various differences in the applications of lead-acid batteries and lithium-iron-phosphate batteries in the field of electric vehicles. The details are as follows:

Energy Density and Range Performance

• Lead-acid Batteries: They have a relatively low energy density, usually around 30 - 50 Wh/kg. This means that with the same battery volume or weight, lead-acid batteries can store less electrical energy, resulting in a relatively short driving range for electric vehicles, typically around 100 - 200 kilometers, which is difficult to meet the needs of long-distance driving.

• Lithium-iron-phosphate Batteries: They have a higher energy density. Currently, the energy density of lithium-iron-phosphate batteries on the market can reach around 100 - 150 Wh/kg, and some advanced products are even higher. Therefore, electric vehicles equipped with lithium-iron-phosphate batteries can achieve a longer driving range. The driving range of some vehicle models can exceed 500 kilometers, and even some high-end models can reach 1,000 kilometers, which greatly expands the usage range of electric vehicles.

Cycle Life and Service Life

• Lead-acid Batteries: Their cycle life is generally around 500 - 800 times. Moreover, as the number of charge-discharge cycles increases, the battery capacity will gradually decline. In actual use, the service life of lead-acid batteries is usually 2 - 3 years, and after that, new batteries need to be replaced; otherwise, it will affect the performance of electric vehicles.

• Lithium-iron-phosphate Batteries: They have a longer cycle life, which can reach more than 2,000 times. Some high-quality lithium-iron-phosphate batteries can even have a cycle life exceeding 3,000 times. During their entire service life, the capacity decline is relatively slow. Under normal use conditions, the service life of lithium-iron-phosphate batteries can reach around 8 - 10 years, which is closer to the service life of the entire electric vehicle, reducing the usage cost and resource waste caused by battery replacement.

Charge-discharge Performance

• Lead-acid Batteries: The charging time is relatively long. It usually takes 6 - 8 hours or even longer to fully charge the battery. Moreover, in a low-temperature environment, the charging efficiency will be further reduced, and the charging time will be even longer. In terms of discharge performance, the high-current discharge ability of lead-acid batteries is relatively weak. In situations that require large power output, such as acceleration and climbing, there may be a situation of insufficient power.

• Lithium-iron-phosphate Batteries: They have a faster charging speed. When using fast-charging technology, it usually takes only 1 - 2 hours to charge the battery to about 80% of its capacity, greatly shortening the waiting time for charging. In addition, the charging performance of lithium-iron-phosphate batteries in a low-temperature environment is relatively good, and they are less affected by temperature. In terms of discharge performance, lithium-iron-phosphate batteries can withstand high-current discharge and have better power output performance, which can provide stronger acceleration and climbing ability for electric vehicles.

Safety

• Lead-acid Batteries: Due to their relatively stable chemical properties and the adoption of relatively mature safety protection measures, such as safety valves and explosion-proof valves, the safety of lead-acid batteries is guaranteed to a certain extent under normal use conditions. However, in the event of serious collisions or short-circuit faults, lead-acid batteries may pose safety risks such as leakage, fire, or even explosion.

• Lithium-iron-phosphate Batteries: They have higher safety. They have good thermal stability and are less likely to experience thermal runaway in a high-temperature environment. Even in extreme cases such as overcharging, overdischarging, and short-circuiting, lithium-iron-phosphate batteries are not prone to catching fire or exploding, providing more reliable safety assurance for the use of electric vehicles.

Cost and Price

• Lead-acid Batteries: Their manufacturing cost is relatively low, and their price is relatively inexpensive. This gives electric vehicles equipped with lead-acid batteries an advantage in the initial purchase price, making them suitable for some price-sensitive consumers and specific application scenarios, such as low-speed electric vehicles and electric tricycles.

• Lithium-iron-phosphate Batteries: Due to the adoption of relatively advanced materials and production processes, their manufacturing cost is relatively high, resulting in a higher price than lead-acid batteries. This makes electric vehicles equipped with lithium-iron-phosphate batteries relatively expensive in the purchase price. However, from the perspective of long-term usage cost, due to their longer service life and better performance, the comprehensive cost of lithium-iron-phosphate batteries may be more advantageous.

Application Scenarios

• Lead-acid Batteries: Besides being used in some low-speed electric vehicles and specific commercial vehicles, in traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, lead-acid batteries are mainly used as starting batteries to provide electrical support for the starting, lighting, and audio equipment of the vehicle.

• Lithium-iron-phosphate Batteries: They are mainly applied to mid-to-high-end pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, etc., which can meet the relatively high requirements of these vehicles in terms of driving range, power performance, safety, and service life, providing reliable energy assurance for the normal operation and high-performance performance of the vehicles.

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