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Lithium batteries are a type of battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as the positive/negative electrode material and using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal have very high requirements on the environment. According to international regulations such as the "Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations" and the "International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code" of the United Nations, lithium batteries belong to Class 9 miscellaneous dangerous goods (miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles, including substances harmful to the environment). The customs has strict requirements for the export of lithium batteries. Lithium battery products can be exported by sea. However, there are strict requirements in terms of declaration, packaging, transportation, etc. This article sorts out the precautions for each process of sea export of lithium battery products for your reference.

I. Declaration requirements for sea export of lithium batteries
Article 17 of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Import and Export Commodity Inspection" stipulates: "Enterprises that produce packaging containers for export dangerous goods must apply to the commodity inspection agency for performance appraisal of packaging containers. Enterprises that produce export dangerous goods must apply to the commodity inspection agency for use appraisal of packaging containers. Dangerous goods using packaging containers that have not passed the appraisal are not allowed to be exported."

Therefore, for lithium batteries using dangerous goods packaging, before export, the dangerous goods packaging production enterprise (that is, the lithium battery manufacturer or exporter) should apply to the local customs for the performance inspection and use appraisal of export dangerous goods packaging, and obtain the "Inspection Result Sheet for the Performance of Outbound Cargo Transport Packaging" and the "Inspection Result Sheet for the Use of Outbound Dangerous Goods Transport Packaging".

Before applying for the "Inspection Result Sheet for the Performance of Outbound Cargo Transport Packaging", the enterprise should first obtain the export dangerous goods packaging production enterprise code that is valid.

What is the export dangerous goods packaging production enterprise code?
The customs implements code management for export dangerous goods packaging production enterprises. The code should reflect the information of the directly subordinate customs in the region where the production enterprise is located. The production enterprise code is composed of the capital letter C (representing "Customs") and six Arabic numerals. The first two Arabic numerals represent the directly subordinate customs in the region where the enterprise is located (for example, 52 represents Huangpu Customs), and the last four Arabic numerals 0001-9999 represent the production enterprise.

When applying for the "Inspection Result Sheet for the Use of Outbound Dangerous Goods Transport Packaging", the rated energy (Wh) of the lithium battery must be indicated. When the customs conducts the use appraisal of outbound dangerous goods transport packaging, it will make a pass judgment.

1. Whether there are clear, firm and correct United Nations UN packaging marks, batches and dangerous goods signs printed on the packaging container, and whether the marks, signs and packaging meet the relevant requirements.

2. The outer surface of the packaging should be clean and no residues, pollution or leakage is allowed.

3. When wooden boxes and fiberboard boxes are fastened with nails, the nails should be firmly driven in, and the nail tips should be turned down. The nail tips and nail caps must not protrude; the box body should be intact, and the strapping belt should tightly hoop the corrugated box body. The corrugated box should be intact, and the sealing should be flat and firm, and the strapping belt should tightly hoop the box body.

4. Non-conductive materials should be separated between each battery or battery pack and between the upper and lower layers of stacked batteries to prevent mutual contact.

5. The battery should have a short-circuit protection device.

6. The electrodes of the battery must not support the weight of other stacked batteries.

7. Special provisions for the packaging of lithium batteries or lithium battery packs in international regulations.

II. Materials required for sea export of lithium batteries
For sea export of lithium batteries, it is necessary to conduct conformity filing of external packaging containers with the local commodity inspection bureau. Then, with the "Inspection Result Sheet for the Performance of Outbound Cargo Transport Packaging" (performance sheet) and the dangerous characteristic classification identification report, apply to the local commodity inspection bureau for a dangerous package certificate, that is, the "Inspection Result Sheet for the Use of Outbound Dangerous Goods Transport Packaging". After preparing the above documents, prepare the freight forwarding power of attorney and prepare to make a booking application to the shipping company.
If an enterprise intends to apply for the performance inspection and use appraisal of export dangerous goods packaging, it shall submit the following materials to the local customs:

1. Materials to be provided for the declaration of performance inspection of the "Inspection Result Sheet for the Performance of Outbound Cargo Transport Packaging":

a. The factory inspection result sheet of the enterprise, the enterprise's statement, and the processing contract and order agreement between the packaging container manufacturer and the user unit.

b. For those applying for the "Inspection Result Sheet for the Performance of Import and Export Cargo Packaging" within the inspection cycle, the periodic inspection report should also be provided.

2. Materials to be provided for the declaration of use appraisal of the "Inspection Result Sheet for the Use of Outbound Dangerous Goods Transport Packaging":

a. The original factory inspection sheet issued by the dangerous goods packaging user enterprise;

b. The original "Inspection Result Sheet for the Performance of Import and Export Cargo Packaging";

c. For the first use of plastic containers, plastic composite containers and containers with coatings (plating), the "Compatibility Test Report" or compatibility self-declaration should also be provided.

3. Lithium battery MSDS issued by the manufacturer (preferably in both Chinese and English).

4. Lithium battery dangerous package certificate (including packaging technical instructions);

5. Cargo transportation condition appraisal report (provided according to the needs of the shipping company).

6. Cargo shipping power of attorney (information such as consignor and consignee information, emergency contact information, destination port/departure port, container type, cargo name, gross weight, number of pieces, size/volume and markings of special operation precautions, etc.).

III. Requirements for sea transportation of lithium batteries

1. Must pass the UN38.3 test requirements and the 1.2-meter drop packaging (Class II dangerous goods packaging) test.

2. Packages containing lithium batteries or battery packs must be marked with lithium battery marks.

3. When lithium battery goods are delivered for shipping, the 9A sign must be posted on the package.

4. Each battery and battery pack must have a safety vent device, or be designed to prevent rupture under stress in the event of an ordinary accident during transportation.

5. Each battery and battery pack should be equipped with an effective device to prevent external short circuits.

6. Each battery pack containing multiple parallel batteries or battery series should be equipped with an effective device (such as diodes, fuses, etc.) required to prevent the danger caused by reverse current.

7. The manufacture of batteries and battery packs must have a high-quality management plan, and a copy of the plan can be provided in a timely manner when requested by the relevant authorities.

8. Packages containing lithium batteries or battery packs must meet the requirements of Chapter 6 of the IMDG regarding construction and testing, and obtain inspection certificates.

9. Cargo transport components such as containers for shipping lithium batteries use Class 9 signs.

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