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What is the energy density limit of ternary lithium battery pack? As is well known, the energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries is far lower than that of ternary lithium battery packs. In terms of ternary lithium batteries, the current single cell energy density is 200Wh/kg, and the package is 160Wh/kg. According to the current national subsidy policy, it can receive 1.1 times the highest subsidy standard. In the next two years, it is planned to increase the energy density of individual units to over 260Wh/kg and the package to 200Wh/kg.

The energy density of a battery often refers to two different concepts, one is the energy density of individual cells, and the other is the energy density of the battery system. A battery cell is the smallest unit of a battery system. M battery cells form a module, and N modules form a battery pack, which is the basic structure of automotive power batteries.

Energy density analysis of ternary lithium battery pack

Energy density refers to the size of storage in a certain space or mass of material. The energy density of a battery is the average amount of electrical energy released per unit volume or mass of the battery. Battery energy density=battery capacity x discharge platform/battery thickness/battery width/battery length, with the basic unit being Wh/kg (watt hours/kilogram). The higher the energy density of a battery, the more electricity it can store per unit volume.

The high energy density is the biggest advantage of ternary lithium battery packs, so a lithium battery pack of the same weight has a larger battery capacity, allowing the car to run farther and faster. The voltage platform is an important indicator of battery energy density, determining the basic efficiency and cost of the battery. The higher the voltage platform, the larger the specific capacity. Therefore, for batteries of the same volume, weight, and even the same ampere hour, ternary lithium batteries with higher voltage platforms have longer battery life.

A ternary lithium battery refers to a lithium battery that uses nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary positive electrode material as the positive electrode material. Compared to lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium battery packs have a more average overall performance, higher energy density, and higher volume to energy ratio. With the development of the battery industry, the price of ternary lithium batteries has also come within an acceptable range for manufacturers.

The single energy density of BYD's lithium iron phosphate battery is 150Wh/kg, while the energy density of BYD's ternary lithium battery reaches 200Wh/kg. It can be seen that ternary lithium materials have significant advantages over lithium iron phosphate.

Industry insiders say that the current single cell energy density of ternary lithium batteries is approaching its limit and it is difficult to make any major breakthroughs. To further improve the energy density of ternary lithium battery packs, it is necessary to increase the proportion of nickel in the battery. However, after the increase in the proportion of nickel in the battery, due to the poor thermal stability of high nickel, the internal thermal reaction of the battery will be very intense, and safety issues are worrying.

The energy density of ternary lithium battery pack is approaching its limit

The current single cell energy density of ternary lithium battery packs is approaching its limit, making it difficult to make significant breakthroughs. More and more domestic and foreign enterprises and research institutions are focusing on solid-state batteries.

Relying on the ternary lithium battery technology route, it is very difficult to achieve the goal of 350Wh/kg energy density for power batteries. Therefore, the industry hopes to rely on solid-state batteries to further improve battery energy density. Solid state battery is a type of battery that uses solid electrodes and solid electrolytes. Its solid electrolyte is non flammable, non corrosive, non-volatile, and leak proof, performs well at high temperatures, and has higher safety. Solid state batteries will greatly reduce the probability of electric vehicle self ignition.

What exactly limits the energy density of lithium batteries? The chemical system behind the battery is the main reason that cannot escape blame. Generally speaking, the four parts of a lithium battery are crucial: positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, and diaphragm. The positive and negative poles are the places where chemical reactions occur, equivalent to the Ren and Du meridians, and their important position is evident.

Driven by the urgent need for high range electric vehicles, the replacement of widely used lithium iron phosphate batteries with ternary lithium battery packs with higher energy density potential has become a necessary step in the development of electric vehicles.

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