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How does a lithium battery charger know if the battery is fully charged? Lithium battery chargers determine whether charging is complete by detecting the charging current and voltage. Together with the overcharge protection of your phone, it ensures that your lithium battery will not overcharge. So, buying a high-quality lithium battery charger is crucial!

How does a lithium battery charger know if the battery is fully charged?

Firstly, it is necessary to ensure that the lithium battery charger matches the electrical appliance to be charged, including voltage matching and current matching. Voltage matching is very important, and the current indicator of the charger determines the charging time. The higher the current indicator, the faster the charging speed; 3A is faster than 1A.

The second common judgment is the color change of the indicator light on the charger or the light on the appliance, usually from red to green, indicating that it is fully charged.

Also, it's a bit professional, which is measuring the voltage of electrical appliances. The terminal voltage varies depending on the battery level, and the lower the battery level, the lower the voltage. Therefore, the voltage of the battery has a range, from the lower limit that can make the appliance work normally to being fully charged, which is roughly like this: for example, mobile phones use lithium batteries with a working voltage range of 3.7-4.2V; Assuming the electricity is divided into three grids:

When the voltage of the lithium battery is between 3.7~3.8V and it is empty, the battery level will sound an alarm; When the battery voltage is 3.8~3.9V, one grid;

When the voltage of the lithium battery is measured to be 3.9-4.1V, there are two grids; When the battery voltage is measured to be 4.1-4.2V, the display is full.

A high-quality charger will determine whether it is fully charged by detecting voltage and current. But if it is a low-quality charger, it is likely that it will not do so, relying entirely on the overcurrent and overvoltage protection of the lithium battery itself to charge, until the battery detects overvoltage and automatically cuts off the current, and then tells you that the charging is complete.

How does a charger determine the charging status of a lithium battery?

Generally, chargers use constant current charging. Smart lithium battery chargers usually take some time instead of immediately determining whether the battery has just been fully charged.

Lithium batteries can be directly judged based on battery voltage. When the voltage exceeds the set cut-off voltage (usually 4.2V), the battery is considered fully charged; A more advanced charger uses a combination of voltage and current for judgment. When the voltage approaches the cut-off voltage, switch to constant voltage charging. When the current is less than a certain set value, it is considered that the battery is fully charged.

This is determined by the judgment method of the charger. The mainstream and widely recognized accurate judgment methods now are - △ V and 0 △ V, so generally high-end lithium battery chargers use these two judgment methods. However, after the battery is put into the charger and starts charging, regardless of whether it is fully charged or not, the battery will not immediately show or show a sufficient amount of - △ V or 0 △ V, but it will take some time to show or show enough - △ V or 0 △ V for the charger to judge. Therefore, smart chargers take some time and cannot immediately judge whether the battery is already fully charged.

On the contrary, lithium battery chargers that use the lowest level voltage comparison method can quickly determine whether the battery is "fully charged". This is because voltage comparison chargers only judge the battery voltage, and as long as the battery voltage reaches it, they do not care whether the battery is really fully charged or not, and judge it as "fully charged". Usually, there is still a lot of room for the battery to reach saturation at that voltage, that is, it is basically not fully charged. So this judgment method is generally only used on the lowest level lithium battery chargers.

The process of charging lithium batteries

During the charging process of lithium batteries, there is a cutoff current and a cutoff voltage, and exceeding either of them will cause irreversible damage to the battery.

So the charging process can be understood as follows: first, constant current charging is carried out while detecting the battery voltage. When the battery voltage approaches the cut-off voltage, it begins to enter the constant voltage charging stage. At this time, the charger starts to detect the charging current again, and the charging current becomes smaller and smaller until the charging current drops below the threshold. The charger stops outputting and is considered to have completed charging.

Summary: Lithium battery charger is the most common battery charger in our daily life. Generally speaking, the specific steps for using a lithium battery charger to charge are very simple. The editor will not go into detail here. Simply plug it in according to the normal battery charger and check the power instructions.

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