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In the warm-up period of Xiaomi 11Pro/Xiaomi 11Ultra, Xiaomi officially released promotional materials. These two mobile phones will use new silicon oxide cathode batteries. At one time, the majority of netizens were confused: Is it too difficult to eat melons now? Knowledge reserves cannot keep up with Xiaomi's speed of lighting up the technology tree. In this issue, we will comprehensively analyze what kind of technology the silicon oxide cathode battery used in Xiaomi flagship model is.

01 Silicon oxygen negative electrode battery is not a new technology

First of all, silicon oxide negative electrode battery is not a new technology. This technology has been applied to electric vehicle power. For example, in the solid state battery technology innovation announced recently, silicon carbon cathode technology is used.

There are three important ways to improve the battery capacity, namely, replacing the positive material that can improve the energy storage density, adopting a new battery diaphragm technology, and replacing the negative material that can improve the energy storage density. At present, the important innovation of the positive electrode material of rechargeable batteries is graphene positive electrode material, which is used to improve the charging speed of batteries and cannot effectively improve the energy density; The innovation of battery separator technology is important to make the battery separator thinner and thinner. However, too thin battery separator is easy to cause danger. Therefore, it is the most cost-effective way to improve the battery capacity to replace a new negative electrode material.

The use of silicon carbon anode material can effectively improve the energy storage density of the battery. This is important because the traditional battery cathode material is carbon material. As the battery cathode, carbon material is characterized by small expansion coefficient (about 10%) and low energy density (theoretical gram capacity 372mAh/g). Although it is an ideal battery cathode material, the battery energy density is low in the same volume; The theoretical gram capacity of silicon material is about 4200mAh/g, but the expansion coefficient is high (about 300%); The physical theoretical capacity of silicon oxidation reaches 2615mAh/g, and the expansion coefficient is about 160%. In other words, the silicon oxide cathode material has achieved the balance between the energy density and expansion coefficient of the battery.

The use of silicon oxide cathode battery has significantly improved the smart phone, which means that the battery with the same volume will have a larger battery capacity, or control the battery capacity to make the phone thinner. Xiaomi 11Pro/Xiaomi 11Ultra choose the former to make the battery reach 5000mA, ensuring the endurance.

Therefore, silicon oxide negative electrode battery is not a new technology. However, mass production of silicon oxide anode materials is not easy.

02 Difficulty in mass production of silicon oxygen cathode battery

In the previous section, we compared the theoretical grams capacity and expansion coefficient of carbon, silicon and silicon oxide as battery cathode materials. It can be found that the expansion coefficient of carbon materials is the smallest, 10%; Although the energy density of silicon negative material batteries is high, such batteries are easy to charge. The safety ranking of the above three battery cathode materials is: carbon material>silicon material>silicon oxide material. We summarize the problems existing in the silicon oxygen negative electrode battery: the most important problem is that it is easy to expand during the charging process, which is unsafe; Secondly, the battery life is short and the energy density decreases rapidly.

The technical difficulty of silicon oxide negative electrode battery is to control the expansion of negative electrode material. This requires breakthroughs in packaging materials, processing technology, adhesives, etc., which will affect the final cost of the entire battery. In addition, in order to make battery charging safer, Xiaomi did not choose 120W fast charge when configuring fast charge, but chose 67W fast charge to ensure charging safety.

summary

Finally, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of silicon oxide negative electrode battery. Advantages: The capacity per gram is large, allowing mobile phones to have a larger battery capacity within the same battery volume; Disadvantages: The expansion coefficient of negative electrode material is large, and charging safety should be controlled.

The application of such electric vehicle technologies as silicon oxide cathode battery on smart phones shows that Xiaomi is still thinking. It should be noted that the battery of electric vehicles and the battery of mobile phones are two different technologies, so they cannot be regarded as decentralized. Although silicon oxide negative battery is not a new technology, it really improves the use experience of smart phone battery. Although it is difficult to make a breakthrough in battery technology, we still expect the battery technology revolution to come as soon as possible.

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