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Lithium metal anode is favored by many researchers because of its high theoretical specific capacity (3860mAhg-1), low electrochemical potential (- 3.04Vvs. standard hydrogen electrode) and low density (0.59gcm-3), and it has become a new generation of promising high energy density anode materials. But in practical application, they still have some unsolved problems. On the one hand, the formation of unstable solid electrolyte intermediate (SEI) on the lithium metal surface by commercial organic electrolyte, as well as the formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium, will continue to consume electrolyte, leading to the decline of battery performance; On the other hand, the continuous growth of lithium dendrites will pierce the membrane, causing internal short circuit of the battery, which will lead to thermal runaway. At the same time, traditional carbonate organic electrolytes are very easy to participate in combustion reaction, thus causing serious potential safety hazards.

In order to solve the above problems, Wu Xiaodong's team from Suzhou Institute of Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences designed a local high concentration electrolyte based on incombustible ionic liquid and low viscosity hydrofluorane diluent. On the one hand, it can improve the shortcomings of ionic liquid itself, such as high viscosity, poor membrane wettability, low ionic conductivity and high cost; On the other hand, it can also ensure the flame retardancy of the electrolyte itself and high electrochemical window, greatly improving the safety of the battery. At the same time, by studying and regulating the lithium ion solvated structure, this work makes the lithium ion solvated layer mainly composed of FSI anions, which is conducive to promoting the preferential decomposition of anions on the lithium metal anode surface to form a stable inorganic SEI layer, so as to obtain a uniform and dense lithium deposition morphology. The lithium metal battery using this kind of electrolyte has excellent rate and long cycle performance.

The related work was published in the internationally renowned journal Advanced Energy Materials (DOI: 10.1002/aenm. 202003752) under the title Intrinsically NonfamableIonicLiquid Based LocalizedHighlyConcentratedElectrolytesEnableHigh PerformanceLi MetalBatteries. The first author of this paper is Wang Zhicheng, a 2020 doctoral student of Suzhou Institute of Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the corresponding author is Wu Xiaodong, a researcher of Suzhou Institute of Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Xu Jingjing, an associate researcher of Suzhou Institute of Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, And Hu Jianchen, associate professor of Suzhou University.

Figure 1. Physical and chemical properties of locally concentrated ionic liquid based electrolyte and lithium ion solvation structure analysis

Comparison of lithium metal deposition morphology in different electrolytes and electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries

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