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At present, there are more and more articles promoting the fast charging of power batteries. Some manufacturers' promotions are exaggerated, and some experts also follow the trend, saying that electric vehicles can be charged in 30 minutes or 15 minutes, and even more ridiculous, saying that the charging task can be completed in 5 minutes. The author expresses concern that these promotions will be detrimental to the development of the industry. Those involved in engineering understand that "the principle is not feasible, and it cannot be implemented in engineering." The principle of lithium-ion batteries has already taught people that fast charging is not possible.

1、 What are fast and slow charging?

Car batteries all have positive and negative poles, and those that can charge the battery must be DC power sources with positive and negative poles. what do you mean? The AC power from the power grid cannot directly charge the car battery.

But for charging electric vehicles, it is either civilian 220V or factory 380V AC power. Why is this? This is an "AC/DC" device used by engineers to convert alternating current into direct current. For ordinary users, it is important to remember:

① The power source for charging car batteries must be a DC power source, and an AC power source cannot directly charge lithium-ion batteries.

② Where is the DC power supply? At present, the electricity in the power grid is all alternating current. The direct current used to charge electric vehicles is converted through an "alternating current to direct current (AC/DC)" device.

③ AC/DC is a device that meets standard requirements. If this device is installed in a car, the car and charging interface will be the AC charging interface; If this device is installed under the car (on the ground), the car and charging interface will be an AC/DC interface.

④ AC/DC devices can be made with high power on the ground (note: the greater the power, the larger the volume and weight; while cars have insulation requirements and limitations on volume and weight, so AC/DC devices used in vehicles have low power).

The concept of "fast and slow" at the first level. The charging speed of the DC interface is faster than that of the AC charging interface. In principle, the charging speed of the DC interface is 3 to 4 hours, and the charging speed of the AC interface is 6 to 8 hours. (Note: The power grid can guarantee the provision of 220V AC power for civilian use or 380V AC power for factory use)

The concept of "fast and slow" at the second level. At present, the theoretical charging speed of the DC interface is 3 to 4 hours, compared to refueling a gasoline car for 5 minutes. Due to theoretical limitations, some experts have proposed the concept of "charging to 80% in 30 minutes (or 15)", with an additional 20% space, and the charging time has been ignored. In other words, the entire charging process has been segmented.

The concept of "fast and slow" at the third level. The DC interface cannot be charged quickly, which refers to the entire process from 3% to 99% being fully charged; The DC interface can charge quickly, basically referring to 20% to 80% of the entire space. This is a part of the charging (discharging) curve for lithium-ion batteries. Some manufacturers have only made some optimizations to this curve. In principle, there is no substantial innovation.

2、 The conclusion that DC interfaces cannot be charged quickly is comprehensive, and the ability to charge quickly is a prerequisite for many factors

Let's first take an example of everyone's daily life. Wooden barrels are used to store water, and faucets are used to add water to empty barrels. The wooden bucket has a capacity (similar to the battery capacity of a car), and the maximum water output of the faucet is also fixed (similar to the charging interface). The analysis is as follows:

① To add water to the wooden barrel whose volume has been determined, if you want to do it quickly, you can turn the faucet to the maximum.

② The water output of the faucet has been determined. If you want to add water quickly, you can make the volume of the wooden bucket smaller.

③ To add water to a wooden barrel with a predetermined volume and a determined water output from the faucet, there is an average (rated) speed for adding water. The average speed comes from the fastest speed and the lowest speed.

Logic analysis of fast charging of power batteries:

① The capacity of the onboard battery has been clearly defined. To achieve fast charging, the physical solution is to add one (or two) additional charging ports. Currently, this is the practice for 12 meter pure electric buses.

② The specifications of the charging interface are in accordance with national standards (which have been clearly defined). If fast charging is required, the basic best practice is to reduce the capacity of the car battery. Lithium titanate charges faster than lithium iron phosphate, which is the principle behind this.

3、 Lithium ion batteries cannot be charged quickly in principle

The current fast charging battery is lithium titanate, but the specific energy of lithium titanate batteries is far different from that of lithium iron phosphate and ternary batteries. In other words, the range of car mounted lithium titanate batteries is too short. Running the same mileage, the car's lithium titanate battery also charges more times. The time required for multiple fast charging car mounted lithium titanate batteries is longer than that for one slow charging lithium iron phosphate or ternary batteries, which does not have any advantage for users. Can I change the battery? It's not possible either. Replacing a battery also requires charging, which is technically more difficult and costly than charging.

The slow refueling speed of electric vehicles compared to gasoline vehicles is an objective shortcoming. Everyone is trying to find a way to make up for it. What should we do? In the author's opinion, engineering technology (process) must find a solution with correct principles, and then integrate resources (conditions) well. Do not always try and try again with ideas that are not correct in principle.

The best way is to increase the specific energy of the power battery, that is, with one slow charge, the car's operating mileage can exceed one day (two or three days) in one trip. At present, the research and development progress of power batteries is relatively fast, and everyone's range anxiety will gradually disappear.

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