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At present, the specific energy of power batteries is getting higher and the price is getting cheaper, and many of the pressures are transmitted to the materials. Without good materials, I think high specific energy batteries cannot be discussed
At the materials session of this year's conference, executives from Nord Group, Tianci Materials, Shenzhen Snow, and Lanketu gave wonderful presentations on "material trends under high energy density" from various aspects such as lithium copper foil, electrolyte, negative electrode materials, and separators.
01. Lithium ion copper foil
Chen Yubi, Executive Vice President of Nord Group, stated that this month (December) we have negotiated with our major clients about the budget for next year. Basically, our orders for next year will be fully produced, but high-end lithium copper foil products are still in short supply.
In order to meet the performance requirements of high-energy density power batteries, from the perspective of the structure of lithium copper foil products, power battery manufacturers will significantly move towards 6 microns next year. This year, the pace is slightly slower because customers also hope to improve from the equipment side, such as high-speed winding machines, high-speed coating machines, etc. that can be matched with this thin copper foil.
We predict that the demand for 6-micron lithium copper foil next year will at least double compared to this year, and the large release of 6-micron orders may cause a shortage of high-end products in the market. Firstly, there are not many companies in the market that can supply, and secondly, the production capacity of the companies that can supply varies greatly, whether they produce 100 tons or 1000 tons per month, with significant capacity limitations.
02. Electrolyte
Zhou Shaoyun, the manager of Tianci Materials' Electrolyte Business Unit, stated that after the ternary material is made into high nickel and the ordinary NCM523 or NCM622 is made into a high-voltage system, some defects may occur. Taking NCA batteries as an example, after multiple high-temperature cycles, many cracks appeared inside the electrode pieces, mainly due to the oxidation of the electrolyte by the high nickel material itself, which produced gas.
In response to the strong oxidizing properties of positive electrode materials and the strong reducing properties of film-forming additives in the electrolyte, the first step is to improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte itself. We can choose some new lithium salts, whose elements have reached their highest valence state and will no longer be oxidized by the positive electrode. Tianci has developed a new type of lithium salt, which has better performance compared to VC and can improve the cycling performance of high nickel batteries.
To achieve complete non oxidation by the positive electrode, one can also choose the strategy of "avoiding if you can't afford it". Tianci will use positive electrode film-forming additives to micro "coat" the positive electrode, forming a CEI film on the surface of the positive electrode through electrochemical means. This additive has a good high-temperature effect, such as A224 from Tianci material, which can effectively improve high-temperature performance. But after the positive electrode film is formed, it generally leads to an increase in impedance, which can be countered by using low impedance negative electrode film forming additives.
03. Silicon based negative electrode material
Hu Wenliang, the R&D director of Shenzhen Snow, said that currently, the large-scale application of silicon-based negative electrode materials in power batteries still faces two obstacles: first, there are not many enterprises with stable mass production; The second is the introduction of silicon-based negative electrode materials, which will affect the system of supporting lithium battery materials such as adhesives, conductive agents, and electrolytes.
In terms of adhesives, they need to have high conductivity and mechanical ductility to effectively adapt to the large volume changes of silicon carbon negative electrodes during cycling, in order to maintain high structural integrity and high conductivity of the electrode. High modulus binders are beneficial for the cyclic performance of materials.
In terms of conductive agents, it is necessary to have good conductivity while also requiring a large aspect ratio to form a three-dimensional conductive network in the electrode system. During the cycling process, the active substance will not detach from the conductive agent, maintaining high conductivity of the electrode. The three-dimensional conductive network formed by point line composite conductive agents satisfies both short-range and long-range conductivity, which is beneficial for the long-term cycling performance of silicon-based materials, effectively promoting capacity utilization and improving magnification.
In terms of electrolyte, the decomposition products of FEC have more cross-linking groups, which can form a compact SEI layer with excellent lithium conductivity at the negative terminal. High content FEC additives can effectively improve cycling performance. Silane additives (TMVS) can form covalent bonds with silicon atoms, forming a silane network on the electrode surface to protect the electrode from acid corrosion and improve the mechanical stability of the material.
04. Diaphragm
There are certain safety issues with high nickel system material power batteries, mainly including: firstly, the self heating temperature of the active material will increase. Compared to NCM333, NCM811 has a faster heating rate; The second issue is the increase in battery pressure caused by oxygen release, which is a major problem for soft pack batteries; The third is that the decomposition temperature of the battery cell will decrease, from over 300 degrees to around 211-220 degrees, and the battery will enter a decomposition state; The fourth is that active materials such as high nickel ternary lithium ions are prone to decomposition, and in fact, cycling inside the battery cell will increase internal resistance and reduce the capacity density of the battery cell.
Li Yong, Sales Director of Lanketu Membrane Materials, stated that the high energy density advantage of high Ni batteries has raised new demands for supporting materials, processing equipment and technology, such as high thermal shrinkage stability, low moisture content, high liquid retention rate, and high oxidation resistance. The company proposes a wet process+coating membrane solution. At present, it mainly includes providing new aramid coating, oil-based PVDF coating, modified ceramic coating and other methods in the direction of functional lithium battery composite separators. Among them, aramid coating has entered the pilot stage.
Lanketu was established in December 2016 and is a subsidiary of Qingdao Zhongke Hualian New Materials Co., Ltd. Mainly engaged in the process research and development, product production, and sales services of wet process lithium battery separators. Zhongke Hualian is the domestic enterprise that provides a complete set of production equipment for wet diaphragm enterprises and has the highest market share.
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