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Important performance indicators of lithium-ion batteries

1. Battery capacity

The capacity of a battery is divided into additional capacity and actual capacity. The additional capacity of a battery refers to the capacity of the battery at 20 ℃; The amount of electricity that should be supplied when discharging to the stop voltage at a rate of 5 hours at an ambient temperature of 5 ℃ is represented by C5. The practical ability of a battery refers to the practical ability it emits under certain discharge conditions, which is significantly influenced by the discharge rate and temperature (therefore strictly speaking, the capacity of a battery should indicate the charging and discharging conditions).

Capacity unit: mAh, Ah (1Ah=1000mAh).

2. Battery resistance

The internal resistance of a battery refers to the resistance of the current flowing through the battery during operation. It is composed of Ohmic resistance and polarizing resistance. A high internal resistance value of the battery can lead to a decrease in the discharge operation voltage and a shortened discharge time. The magnitude of internal resistance is significantly influenced by factors such as data, manufacturing process, and battery structure. Battery resistance is an important parameter for measuring battery performance.

3. Voltage

Open circuit voltage refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of a battery when it is not in operation. Generally speaking, the open circuit voltage of a fully charged lithium-ion battery is around 4.1-4.2V, and the open circuit voltage after discharge is around 3.0V. By detecting the open circuit voltage of the battery, the charging status of the battery can be determined. Working voltage, also known as terminal voltage, refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative poles of a battery when current passes through a circuit. In the case of battery discharge operation, when current flows through the battery, do not overcome the resistance formed by the internal resistance of the battery, so the operating voltage is always lower than the open circuit voltage, and the opposite is true during charging. The discharge voltage of lithium-ion batteries is about 3.6V.

4. Timing of discharge channel

The discharge channel bending moment refers to the discharge bending moment of a battery after it is fully charged with a certain voltage. Taking a three cell battery as an example, the discharge channel torque of 3.6V was measured. When the constant voltage charging reaches 4.2v and the charging current is less than 0.02c, stop charging, that is, charging is complete, and pause charging for 10 minutes. The discharge torque of any multiplier when the discharge current reaches 3.6V is the discharge channel torque of that current. Due to the voltage requirements of some appliances using lithium-ion batteries, if the operating voltage is lower than the required value, it will result in malfunction. Therefore, the discharge channel is one of the important criteria for measuring battery performance.

5. Charge discharge ratio

The charge discharge ratio refers to the current value required for a battery to release its additional capacity within one press time. 1C is equal to the additional capacity of the battery, usually represented by the letter c. If the nominal additional capacity of the battery is 10Ah, then 10A is 1C (1multiplier), 5A is 0.5c, 100A is 10C, and so on.

6. Self discharge rate

Self discharge rate, also known as charging endurance, refers to the battery endurance stored under certain conditions when the battery is in the open state. Firstly, it is influenced by factors such as battery manufacturing process, data, and storage conditions. It is an important parameter for measuring battery performance.

7. Electricity

(1) Charging power refers to the degree to which the electrical energy consumed by a battery during the charging process is converted into chemical energy stored in the battery. It is significantly influenced by battery technology, formulation, and working environment temperature. In general, the higher the ambient temperature, the lower the charging power.

(2) Discharge power refers to the ratio of the actual power of a battery to the additional capacity released when discharged to the terminal voltage under certain discharge conditions. It is significantly influenced by factors such as discharge rate, ambient temperature, and internal resistance. In general, the higher the discharge rate, the lower the discharge power. The lower the temperature, the lower the discharge power.

8. Cycle life

The cycle life of a battery refers to the number of charge and discharge cycles experienced by the battery under certain charging and discharging conditions when the battery capacity drops to a certain regular value, multiplied by the number of cycles experienced by the battery. According to GB regulations, the capacity durability of lithium-ion batteries

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