-Scientists found that nano materials with

Scientists found that nano materials with "spontaneous hollow" characteristics can improve the performance of high-energy lithium batteries
author:enerbyte source:本站 click537 Release date: 2022-12-30 14:36:59
abstract:
According to foreign media, an international team of scientists found a material that can enable lithium batteries to have more energy without sacrificing their battery life. The team found that antimony crystals will be spontaneously and reversibly hollow during the charge discharge cycle, which is...

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According to foreign media, an international team of scientists found a material that can enable lithium batteries to have more energy without sacrificing their battery life. The team found that antimony crystals will be spontaneously and reversibly hollow during the charge discharge cycle, which is a highly anticipated feature that can promote greater energy density without affecting safety.

A lithium battery generates electricity by transferring ions back and forth between two electrodes, a negative cathode and a positive anode. But in the current state, they have reached the limit. The efforts to increase the flow of lithium ions are hindered by the aging of anode materials, which will expand and contract during charging and discharging, resulting in greater pressure, thus reducing the battery life.

Scientists have seen a solution in the yolk shell particles. Because the hollow space can adapt to the volume change of the battery during charging and discharging, and at the same time supply a stable external surface, so as to improve the circulation ability. For a long time, replacing metal alloy anode materials with these particles has been regarded as a promising way, but it has been proved that it is problematic to manufacture them in a cost-effective way.

It has been a long time since hollow nanomaterials were intentionally engineered, which is a promising method to improve the life and stability of high energy density batteries, said Matthew McDowell, research author from Georgia Institute of Technology. The problem has always been that it is challenging and costly to directly synthesize these hollow nanostructures on a large scale required for commercial applications. Our findings could provide a simpler, streamlined process to improve performance in a manner similar to a deliberately designed hollow structure.

McDowell and his colleagues from Georgia Institute of Technology, Zurich Federal Institute of Technology and Oak Ridge National Laboratory started their discovery with tiny particles whose diameter is one thousandth of the diameter of human hair. The research team found that these oxide coated antimony nanocrystals would spontaneously hollow during the battery cycle, instead of expanding and shrinking as expected.

High resolution electron microscopy was used to observe the nano particles in a small test cell, which confirmed this hollow behavior, and found that only the particles with a diameter of less than 30 nm would appear. Its working principle is to make the material expand when the ions flow into the anode through the elastic oxide layer, but there are voids when the ions are removed, rather than leading to typical shrinkage behavior.

When we first observed the unique hollow behavior, it was very exciting, and we immediately learned that it could have an important impact on battery performance, McDowell said.

Although these hollow nanoparticles are an exciting discovery, there are still some challenges for the team in the future. Antimony itself is expensive, so it has not yet been used to produce battery electrodes. However, scientists suspect that other cheaper materials such as tin may exhibit the same hollow behavior. They now hope to explore these possibilities and conduct research on larger batteries in an effort to achieve commercial applications.

It would be interesting to test other materials to see if they could be transformed according to a similar hollow mechanism, McDowell said. This can expand the range of materials available for batteries. Our small test cells show promising charge and discharge performance, so we hope to evaluate these materials in larger cells.

The research was published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.

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