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With the promotion of energy conservation and environmental protection in society, more and more environmentally friendly products are being applied to the market. In the battery industry, ternary lithium batteries quickly occupy the market with numerous advantages and gradually replace traditional lead-acid batteries. For traditional batteries, ternary lithium batteries have advantages such as long lifespan, energy conservation, environmental protection, no pollution, low maintenance cost, complete charging and discharging, and light weight. Overall, ternary lithium batteries have a long lifespan, to what extent?

Ternary lithium battery

What is a ternary lithium battery?

In nature, lithium is a light and small metal with an atomic weight of 6.94g/mol and a p-value of 0.53g/cm3. Lithium has active chemical properties and is easily oxidized to Li+by losing electrons, resulting in a negative standard electrode potential of -3.045V and a small electrochemical equivalent of 0.26g/Ah. These characteristics of lithium determine that it is a material with high specific energy. Ternary lithium batteries refer to lithium secondary batteries that use nickel cobalt manganese transition metal oxides as cathode materials. It fully integrates the good cycling performance of lithium cobalt oxide, the high specific capacity of lithium nickel oxide, and the high safety and low cost of lithium manganese oxide. It uses molecular level mixing, doping, coating, and surface modification methods to synthesize composite lithium oxide with multi-element synergy, such as nickel cobalt manganese. It is currently a widely researched and applied lithium-ion rechargeable battery.

Lifetime of ternary lithium batteries

The so-called lifespan of a lithium battery refers to the capacity decay of the battery to 70% of its nominal capacity (at room temperature of 25 ℃, standard atmospheric pressure, and discharged at 0.2C) after a period of use, which can be considered as the end of its lifespan. The cycle life of lithium batteries is generally calculated based on the number of cycles they are fully charged and discharged in the industry. During use, irreversible electrochemical reactions occur inside lithium batteries, leading to a decrease in capacity, such as electrolyte decomposition, deactivation of active materials, collapse of positive and negative electrode structures, resulting in a decrease in the number of lithium ion insertion and deintercalation, and so on. Experiments have shown that higher rate discharge leads to faster capacity decay. If the discharge current is lower, the battery voltage will approach the equilibrium voltage, which can release more energy.

The theoretical lifespan of ternary lithium batteries is about 800 cycles, which is considered moderate in commercial rechargeable lithium batteries. Lithium iron phosphate has about 2000 cycles, while lithium titanate is said to have up to 10000 cycles. At present, mainstream battery manufacturers promise to produce ternary battery cells with a specification of more than 500 cycles (charging and discharging under standard conditions). However, after the battery cells are assembled into battery packs, due to consistency issues, the voltage and internal resistance cannot be exactly the same, and their cycle life is about 400 cycles. The manufacturer recommends a SOC usage window of 10% to 90% and does not recommend deep charging and discharging, as it may cause irreversible damage to the positive and negative electrode structures of the battery. If calculated based on shallow charging and discharging, the cycle life should be at least 1000 times. In addition, if lithium batteries are frequently discharged at high rates and high temperatures, their lifespan will significantly decrease to less than 200 times.

The number of life cycles of lithium batteries is determined based on battery quality and battery materials:

1. The number of cycles for ternary materials is about 800 times.

2. The lithium iron phosphate battery has approximately 2500 cycles.

3. There is a difference in the number of cycles between genuine and defective batteries. Authentic batteries are designed and produced according to the cycle times specified in the battery manufacturer's specifications, while defective batteries may sometimes have less than 50 cycles.

The current 3.7V 18650 has a typical cycle life of around 500-1000 cycles, while the 3.2V 18650 has a typical life of over 2000 cycles. Of course, the prerequisite is that qualified batteries produced by reputable manufacturers have a short lifespan if they are defective or counterfeit.

The so-called lifespan of a lithium battery refers to the capacity decay of the battery to 70% of its nominal capacity (at room temperature of 25 ℃, standard atmospheric pressure, and discharged at 0.2C) after a period of use, which can be considered as the end of its lifespan. The cycle life of lithium batteries is generally calculated based on the number of cycles they are fully charged and discharged in the industry. During use, irreversible electrochemical reactions occur inside lithium batteries, leading to a decrease in capacity, such as electrolyte decomposition, deactivation of active materials, collapse of positive and negative electrode structures, resulting in a decrease in the number of lithium ion insertion and deintercalation, and so on. Experiments have shown that higher rate discharge leads to faster capacity decay. If the discharge current is lower, the battery voltage will approach the equilibrium voltage, which can release more energy.

The theoretical lifespan of ternary lithium batteries is about 800 cycles, which is considered moderate in commercial rechargeable lithium batteries. Lithium iron phosphate has about 2000 cycles, while lithium titanate is said to have up to 10000 cycles. At present, mainstream battery manufacturers promise to produce ternary battery cells with a specification of more than 500 cycles (charging and discharging under standard conditions). However, after the battery cells are assembled into battery packs, due to consistency issues, the voltage and internal resistance cannot be exactly the same, and their cycle life is about 400 cycles. The manufacturer recommends a SOC usage window of 10% to 90% and does not recommend deep charging and discharging, as it may cause irreversible damage to the positive and negative electrode structures of the battery. If calculated based on shallow charging and discharging, the cycle life should be at least 1000 times. In addition, if lithium batteries are frequently discharged at high rates and high temperatures, their lifespan will significantly decrease to less than 200 times.

Hebei Xinli Power has long been manufacturing battery packs, ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium iron manganese batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and so on. The product has a wide range of applications and high quality. Xin Power is a top ranked battery brand in China.

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