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At present, lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles in China are divided into several types based on the different positive electrode materials: lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, and ternary lithium materials. However, due to differences in materials, the performance and safety factors of batteries vary greatly.

Great popularization of lithium-ion battery knowledge! Which type of electric vehicle battery is safer?

1. Lithium iron phosphate battery: A lithium-ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material. Lithium iron phosphate has high thermal stability and low electrolyte oxidation ability, thus ensuring high safety; But its drawback is low conductivity, which requires modification techniques to improve. As a result, the volume is too large and the amount of electrolyte used is too high. Moreover, due to its large capacity and poor battery consistency, lithium iron phosphate technology is still under research.

2. Lithium manganese oxide battery: A lithium-ion battery that uses lithium manganese oxide as the positive electrode material. A positive electrode material with low cost, good safety and low-temperature performance, but its material itself is not very stable and is prone to decomposition and gas formation. Therefore, it is often mixed with other materials to reduce the cost of battery cells, but its cycle life decays quickly, is prone to bulging, has poor high-temperature performance, and relatively short lifespan.

Great popularization of lithium-ion battery knowledge! Which type of electric vehicle battery is safer?

3. Ternary lithium-ion battery: A lithium-ion battery that uses nickel cobalt manganese lithium as the positive electrode material and graphite as the negative electrode material. The energy density is approximately 250kwh/m3 among all lithium-ion battery technologies. Ternary lithium-ion batteries are highly sensitive to temperature, and decomposition occurs around 200 degrees Celsius. Moreover, the chemical reactions of ternary lithium materials are more severe at high temperatures, releasing oxygen molecules. In high-temperature applications, the electrolyte rapidly burns, leading to explosion accidents. Therefore, ternary lithium-ion batteries are not effective in terms of safety performance, high temperature resistance, lifespan, and power discharge efficiency.

Great popularization of lithium-ion battery knowledge! Which type of electric vehicle battery is safer?

Based on the above analysis, ternary materials, along with lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese oxide as positive electrode materials, have their respective strengths in the application of lithium-ion batteries. If safety is the premise, lithium iron phosphate is more worth choosing at present, and the improvement of safety in ternary lithium has always been the direction of research and development by major manufacturers.

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