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There are many brands of electric vehicle batteries. All batteries, 14ah is 12ah, I can guarantee it!

Firstly, confirm that there is no maximum capacity, as long as you can accept the individual volume of the battery, most of it can be done. If purchased from the market during holidays, the maximum capacity of 36V is 14AH, and the capacity of 48V is 24AH. The battery can be customized according to requirements!

Electric vehicle batteries generally have 10 ampere hours, 12 ampere hours (commonly used), 14 ampere hours (commonly used), 16 ampere hours (less common), 20 ampere hours (commonly used), 22 ampere hours (less common), 24 ampere hours, 28 ampere hours, and 30 ampere hours! Generally, 20 ampere hours are used

The surface of electric vehicle batteries is printed with fonts, some are 6-DZM-12, some are 6-DZM-20, respectively referring to the battery capacity of 12AH or 20AH. The shape of 20AH is larger and heavier than that of 12AH.

A battery, also known as a battery, is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

The function is to supply electricity to the engine. When the vehicle is ready to start, the battery will discharge to provide electricity to the starter motor, which drives the flywheel and crankshaft to rotate, thus starting the vehicle.

When the engine power is insufficient or not started, it provides power to internal electrical appliances such as the audio system, lighting system, etc. When the engine starts supplying power normally, the battery will collect and store electrical energy for future use.

1) Ordinary batteries; The electrode plate of a regular battery is composed of lead and lead oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Its main advantages are stable voltage and low price; The disadvantages are low specific energy (i.e. the energy stored per kilogram of battery), short service life, and frequent daily maintenance.

2) Dry charged lead-acid battery: Its full name is dry charged lead-acid battery. Its main feature is that the negative electrode plate has a high storage capacity. In a completely dry state, it can store the obtained electricity for two years. When in use, only electrolyte needs to be added, and it can be used after 20-30 minutes.

3) Maintenance-free batteries: Due to their structural advantages, maintenance free batteries consume very little electrolyte and do not require distilled water supplementation during their service life. It also has the characteristics of shock resistance, high temperature resistance, small size, and small self discharge. The service life is generally twice that of a regular battery.

There are also two types of maintenance free batteries on the market: the first type is to add electrolyte at the time of purchase and do not require maintenance during use (adding supplementary liquid); Another type is that the battery itself is already filled with electrolyte and sealed when it leaves the factory, so users cannot add any replenishment solution at all.

The label "AH" on the battery indicates ampere hours, which means how much electricity can this battery hold. The larger the number before this letter, the larger the battery capacity, and vice versa. DZM refers to the specialized type of electric scooter, with markings such as 3, 6, 8, etc. on the top. 6 refers to 6 compartments of 12V, 3 refers to 3 compartments of 6V, 8 refers to 8 compartments of 16V, and the full name is 6-DZM-12, which is what we refer to as 12V12 ampere. Electric vehicles now mainly range from 24V36V48V60V72V, with 48V being the main type on the market. There are many old 36V vehicles and many new 60V vehicles. The individual battery cells are all 12V, 48V is 4 connected in series, and 60V is the difference in capacity between 5 connected in series. Nowadays, our common electric vehicles are equipped with the national standard 10121720 ampere hour batteries. The appearance of the 10 and 12 batteries is basically the same and can be used interchangeably. The appearance size of the 17 and 20 batteries is also the same, but the weight is different. The 17 ampere battery is 6.3 kilograms per unit, and the 20 ampere battery is 7 kilograms. That is to say, the larger the capacity, the heavier the volume. If the volume and weight are the same as 20, marked as 22 and 24, it is a false label. In fact, it has not reached 22 and 24. Currently, 99% of electric vehicles on the market use the 1012 ampere and 1720 ampere models, and other standard models are equipped with them. If it cannot be loaded into the car, anything larger than this standard is a false label. Don't label a one pound bottle with a two pound label, just say this bottle is two pounds. Below is the battery national standard comparison table, with serial numbers, models, length, width, height, and column height (mm), weight (kg) 28318801261309.4176-DZM-302677717017510.11. Choose a brand, big brands have high prices and good quality, while small products have low prices. Most of them have been used for about a year, but there are also many good ones, it depends on your luck. 2. To check if the packaging and product logo are complete, including the manufacturer's name, product specifications and models, manufacturing date, and trademark: check if the internal and external logos are consistent, especially if the product has eye-catching logos, and pay attention to whether the production date is recent. 3. Pay attention to the appearance of the battery: check for any deformation, cracks, scratches, or leakage marks on the product. The battery terminals should be clean, free of rust, and the markings should be clear. 4. It is important to pay attention to the rated capacity labeled on electric vehicle battery products: the larger the rated capacity labeled on the battery, the longer the discharge time of the battery. It is best not to purchase batteries without rated labels, but it is important to note whether they are exclusive to electric vehicles. If there are multiple capacity labels, the rated capacity should be used as the standard. 5. It is important to choose branded batteries from well-known and large enterprises: Batteries are generally provided by professional battery manufacturers, and the quality and price of batteries produced by different brands and manufacturers vary. Famous and large enterprises with large scale, strong technology, good after-sales service, and guaranteed battery quality. 6. Nowadays, many battery manufacturers, in order to sell well, label the national standard 10A and 12A as 14A and 15A, and label the 17 and 20A as 22A and 24A, deceiving users of their greed. I hope I can help you, dear

Electric vehicle batteries are the source of power for electric vehicles. The vast majority of electric vehicles nowadays are equipped with lead-acid batteries, which have low costs and high cost-effectiveness. Because this type of battery can be charged and reused, it is called a "lead-acid battery".

In 1860, France's Prandtl invented a battery using lead as the electrode, which was the predecessor of lead-acid batteries.

There are four types of power batteries that can be used by electric bicycles, namely valve regulated lead-acid maintenance free batteries, colloidal lead-acid batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, and lithium-ion batteries.

lead-acid battery 

Lead acid batteries are widely adopted and researched by various electric vehicles in various countries due to their low price, abundant material sources, high specific power, mature technology and manufacturing process, and high resource recovery rate. Electric bicycles, as labor-saving, convenient, fast, comfortable, affordable, and zero emission personal transportation tools, have been widely accepted and valued by relevant national departments. The research group on the development strategy of the light electric vehicle industry, participated by the Development Research Center of the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and other ministries, has proposed a report on the development strategy of the light electric vehicle industry. The national ownership of electric bicycles has exceeded 30 million. More than 95% of electric bicycles use valve regulated lead-acid batteries.

The vast majority of commercialized electric bicycles use sealed lead-acid batteries, which do not require frequent water replenishment during use and are maintenance free. The main chemical reaction is: PbO2+2H2SO4+Pb ← charging and discharging → 2PbSO4+2H2O

When a lead-acid battery is charged, the sponge like lead that turns into the anode and cathode of lead sulfate releases the sulfuric acid components fixed in it into the electrolyte, respectively becoming sponge like lead and lead oxide. The concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte continuously increases; On the contrary, during discharge, the lead oxide in the anode and the sponge like lead on the cathode plate react with sulfuric acid in the electrolyte to form lead sulfate, while the concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte continuously decreases. When the lead-acid battery is not fully charged, the lead sulfate in the anode and cathode plates cannot be completely converted into sponge like lead and lead oxide. If the charging is insufficient for a long time, it will cause lead sulfate crystallization, causing the plates to vulcanize and the battery quality to deteriorate; On the contrary, if the battery is overcharged, the amount of oxygen produced by the anode is greater than the adsorption capacity of the cathode, which increases the internal pressure of the battery, causes gas leakage, reduces the electrolyte, and may also lead to the softening or detachment of active substances, greatly shortening the battery life.

Significant improvement in overall performance

In the past decade, the comprehensive performance of valve regulated lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles has greatly improved. Taking the 6-DZM-10 battery as an example. In 1997, this type of battery had insufficient capacity, with a 2-hour rate (5A) discharge capacity of less than 10Ah; Low specific energy, with a 2-hour rate of less than 30Wh/kg specific energy; Short lifespan, with a cycle life of only 50-60 cycles at 100% discharge depth (capacity reduced to before 8Ah; the same below), and a service life of only 3-5 months.

By 2003, the 2-hour rate (5A) discharge capacity had reached 11-13Ah; The specific energy of the 2-hour rate reaches 33-36Wh/kg; The cycle life of 100% discharge depth can reach 250-300 times, and the service life can reach more than 12 months. The problems with valve regulated lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles have been basically solved.

The deep cycle life performance of this type of battery has made new and breakthrough progress. The main performance is that the initial discharge capacity reaches 14Ah at a 2-hour rate (5A); The specific energy of the 2-hour rate reaches 38Wh/kg; The cycle life of 100% discharge depth exceeds 400 times, with a total discharge capacity of 4500Ah and a corresponding cumulative driving distance of about 18000km (calculated as 4km/Ah, the same below). The highest deep cycle life exceeds 600 cycles, with a total capacity of 6151Ah and a corresponding cumulative driving distance of approximately 24600km. If the capacity is less than 7Ah as the end of life mark, the deep cycle life is 943 cycles, and the total released capacity is 8710Ah, with a corresponding cumulative driving distance of about 34800km. If the battery pack has a deep cycle life of 250 cycles or a total capacity of 2250Ah and a corresponding cumulative driving distance of 9000km, it can be guaranteed to be used for 1 year. [1]

Pay attention to matching with chargers

Over the years of practical use, both vehicle manufacturers and battery manufacturers of electric bicycles have gradually recognized the importance of matching batteries with equipment related to electric drive systems, especially with chargers. Manufacturing quality is a prerequisite for the quality of batteries, but only when used in conjunction with a matching charger can high-quality batteries achieve their expected superior performance. Otherwise, high-quality batteries cannot fully utilize their potential superior performance.

The appropriate charging parameters for batteries from different manufacturers vary due to differences in formula, structure, acid concentration, and other aspects. For example, in our research, we found that the charging parameters of batteries from different manufacturers can differ by 1.5-2.0V during the constant voltage stage (for 36V battery packs). The basic requirement for appropriate charging parameters is to ensure that the battery can be fully charged and will not experience abnormal capacity degradation due to under charging; It is also necessary to ensure that the battery does not experience severe dehydration and thermal runaway due to overcharging throughout its entire lifespan.

Lead acid batteries for pure electric vehicles

The open-end lead-acid batteries used in early pure electric vehicles adopted research results from the "Eighth Five Year Plan" period, and have achieved successful experience in 19 months (120000 kilometers) of use. The key is to accumulate work experience and meticulous maintenance experience in controlling the charging method, discharging depth, timely water replenishment, and other system matching. In recent years, the development of four wheeled micro electric vehicles (including tour buses, patrol cars, golf carts, short distance road vehicles, etc.) has been rapid, and most of the vehicles are equipped with open-ended lead-acid batteries. The corresponding model of battery is favored by battery manufacturers.

The electric vehicle adopts a new product of valve controlled sealed lead-acid battery, which has the following performance: 3-hour rate capacity of 55Ah; The specific energy at a 3-hour rate is 33Wh/kg and 84Wh/L; The cycle life of 75% discharge depth reaches over 400 times. I believe that the successful experience of valve regulated lead acid batteries used in electric bicycles can be extended to valve regulated lead acid batteries used in pure electric vehicles, and their performance will be further improved.

Lead acid batteries for hybrid electric vehicles

Nowadays, hybrid electric vehicles are basically divided into three categories: mild hybrid (i.e. the electric system is mainly used for starting and recovering braking energy, and the 42V electric system that will be promoted in all vehicles belongs to this type), moderate hybrid (i.e. the electric system is used for starting, recovering braking energy, and medium to short distance driving), and heavy hybrid (i.e. the electric system is used for starting, recovering braking energy, and long-distance driving, also known as "Plug in").

It has been clearly stated in domestic and foreign literature that valve regulated lead-acid batteries have advantages in mild hybrid electric vehicles, mainly due to their low cost, mature technology, and reliable performance; ALABC (Advanced Lead Acid Battery Consortium) is organizing research and development to compete with MH-Ni batteries for the market of medium hybrid electric vehicles. It has launched and conducted in vehicle testing of coiled bipolar ear batteries and TMF (Metal Thin Film) batteries; In the field of heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles, lead-acid batteries have low specific energy and cannot meet the requirements of electric systems for long-distance driving.

Colloidal battery

It is an improvement on ordinary lead-acid batteries with liquid electrolytes. It adopts gel shaped electrolyte, and there is no free liquid inside. Under the same volume, the electrolyte has large capacity, large heat capacity, and strong heat dissipation ability, which can avoid the thermal runaway phenomenon easily produced by ordinary batteries; Low electrolyte concentration leads to weak corrosion of the electrode plate; The concentration is uniform and there is no phenomenon of acid stratification.

Nickel hydrogen battery

(Ni MH)

Nickel hydrogen batteries are a rising star in the battery family that emerged in the 1990s, developing rapidly. The electrode reaction of Ni MH batteries is:

Positive electrode: Ni (OH) 2+OH -=NiOOH+H2O+e-

Negative electrode: M+H2O+e=MHab+OH Ni (OH) 2+M=NiOOH+MHab

It belongs to the same category of alkaline batteries as nickel cadmium batteries, except that the negative electrode material cadmium cadmium in nickel cadmium batteries is replaced by an alloy material (mh) that absorbs hydrogen gas, and the electromotive force is still 1.32v. It possesses all the excellent characteristics of nickel cadmium batteries, and its energy density is also higher than that of nickel cadmium batteries. The main advantages are: high specific energy (long distance that can be traveled in one charge); High specific power, able to discharge smoothly even in high current operation (good acceleration and climbing ability); Good low-temperature discharge performance; Long cycle life; Safe and reliable, maintenance free; No memory effect; There is no pollution problem to the environment, and it is renewable and in line with the concept of sustainable development. However, Ni MH batteries are too expensive and expensive.

Lithium ion batteries

Lithium ion batteries are a new type of high-energy battery first introduced to the market by Sony in 1990. Its advantage is that it has a higher specific energy and is currently the battery with the highest specific energy. It has been promoted and applied in portable information products.

Lithium ion batteries are generally considered to have the following advantages: high specific energy; High specific power; Low self discharge; No memory effect; Good cycling characteristics; It can discharge quickly and has high efficiency; Wide working temperature range; Without environmental pollution, it is expected to enter the ranks of the best power sources in the 21st century. It is expected that between 2006 and 2012, as lithium-ion batteries further develop, the market share of MH/Ni batteries will shrink. The market share of lithium-ion will expand. There are already electric bicycle products that use lithium-ion batteries for sale.

Driven by the development of new and cost-effective positive electrode materials with good safety, good cycling performance, and high specific capacity, lithium-ion batteries for electric bicycles have approached practicality. Several companies are already able to provide more mature lithium-ion batteries for electric bicycles equipped with battery management systems (BMS). There are also electric bicycle manufacturers specialized in producing lithium-ion batteries. The author believes that lithium-ion batteries used in electric bicycles will be the first commercially available and widely used power batteries in vehicles; It will be a practical battery with a larger proportion after lead-acid batteries, and will also become a battery used for high-end electric bicycle products. There have been many reports on the trial and exhibition demonstration of large lithium-ion batteries in pure electric cars and buses, as well as in hybrid electric vehicles. Based on the current development level and experience of lithium-ion batteries, it is believed that the safety of battery packs with a capacity of 48V10Ah or less for electric bicycles is guaranteed. However, the use of large lithium-ion batteries in commercial electric vehicles still requires a lot of hard work. The main reasons are that pure electric cars and electric buses, as well as hybrid electric vehicles, use a large number of batteries, have complex systems, have greater safety difficulties, require higher reliability and consistency, and are priced too high. It was once reported that BYD Shenzhen would provide 200 electric cars powered by lithium-ion batteries to form a rental fleet in 2005, but it has now been postponed until 2007.

fuel cell

Fuel cells directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy to supply electric motors to drive vehicles. Its main advantages are: high efficiency and fuel savings; Zero emissions; Low noise, especially suitable as a power source for vehicles. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be ideal and ultimately replace vehicles fueled by petroleum products.

Zinc nickel batteries (Zn Ni)

Zn Ni batteries were once considered a battery for electric vehicles that should be promoted. From 4-5 years of market screening, it can be seen that there is almost no use in commercial electric vehicles. This is mainly due to the high price of Zn Ni batteries (costing 2.5-4 yuan per VAh, which is 4-6 times that of lead-acid batteries); During the cycling process, the initial capacity degradation rate is large, which affects the actual service life of the battery pack. In addition, the rapid development and price reduction of lithium-ion batteries have made the application of Zn Ni batteries in electric vehicles less competitive.

Zinc air battery

Zinc air battery is a type of metal air battery, belonging to the category of semi fuel cells. It has advantages such as high specific energy, abundant raw materials, low price, and no pollution, and is considered a competitive candidate for electric vehicle batteries.

Chinese Americans once established PowerZinc in Shanghai to produce mechanical rechargeable zinc air batteries, and a demonstration workshop has been built. The manufactured electric bicycles and motorcycles were tested for driving range using zinc air batteries, reaching 150km and 250km respectively, and extensive promotion and application work was carried out. 50 battery replacement points were established in Shanghai. But within a year, the promotion and trial work stopped, and the market screening results were not accepted by users. Afterwards, with the support of some leaders, an electric bus was made using the manufactured zinc air battery as the power source. However, due to the poor high-power performance of the zinc air battery, the starting and acceleration performance of the vehicle was significantly poor. A lot of work has been done both domestically and internationally in the development of zinc air batteries for electric vehicles. In recent years, the development of zinc air batteries for electric vehicles in China has resurfaced. However, practice has confirmed the inherent advantages of zinc air batteries, and has also exposed some issues that have been reported abroad, such as zinc electrode replacement service systems and regeneration costs, the lifespan of oxygen electrodes, and electrolyte leakage, crawling, or overflow in batteries.

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