-I finally understand the reason for the capacity degradation of lithium batteries

I finally understand the reason for the capacity degradation of lithium batteries
author:enerbyte source:本站 click128 Release date: 2024-06-13 13:11:05
abstract:
I finally understand the reason for the capacity degradation of lithium batteries. There are many reasons for the capacity decay of lithium-ion batteries, which may be due to insufficient negative electrode capacity design. Lithium batteries begin to decay from the completion of manufacturing, and a...

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I finally understand the reason for the capacity degradation of lithium batteries. There are many reasons for the capacity decay of lithium-ion batteries, which may be due to insufficient negative electrode capacity design. Lithium batteries begin to decay from the completion of manufacturing, and a new battery must provide 100% capacity, but most lithium-ion battery packs in use cannot achieve this.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth generation product of rechargeable batteries, lithium metal batteries, was born in 1996, with their safety, specific capacity, self discharge rate, and performance price

The capacity of lithium batteries will naturally decay with continuous use, manifested in a decrease in voltage and insufficient capacity, which is related to the material characteristics of lithium batteries. Simply understood, the activity of lithium ions will continue to decrease with use until the capacity is completely depleted. Let's analyze the reasons for the capacity degradation of lithium batteries together with the editor.

What is the reason for the capacity degradation of lithium batteries?

1. Abuse of lithium batteries

When the SOC of lithium batteries is below 120%, there is no significant capacity loss; When the SOC is greater than 120%, lithium deposition begins to occur on the negative electrode, and due to the formation of a thicker SEI film, the impedance increases and causes loss of active lithium. If overcharging continues, it will cause thermal runaway of the lithium battery. At high SOC, the decomposition rate of the electrolyte will increase, forming a thick deposition layer on the graphite negative electrode, which contains lithium for precipitation.

In addition, high rate charging and discharging can also cause capacity loss in lithium batteries. This is because the positive and negative electrodes undergo volume contraction and expansion during the charging and discharging process. The larger the charging and discharging current, the more severe the contraction and expansion, and the greater the stress. As a result, the particles of the positive and negative electrodes are more likely to rupture or peel off from the current collector during rapid volume changes, leading to accelerated cycling attenuation.

2. Temperature factors

It must be mentioned that the usage environment and conditions of lithium batteries can cause damage to their capacity. Temperature is definitely one of the key factors affecting the lifespan of lithium batteries. Both too high and too low temperatures can cause a decrease in the active lithium ion content, damage to the electrode material structure, leaching of metal ions, and serious capacity degradation.

The normal working temperature for lithium batteries is -20 ℃~60 ℃. However, generally, when the temperature drops below 0 ℃, the performance of lithium batteries will decrease, and the discharge capacity will correspondingly decrease. Therefore, the working temperature for lithium batteries with complete performance is usually 0~40 ℃. Some special environments require different temperatures for lithium batteries, and some can even operate normally in environments of hundreds of degrees Celsius.

Under low temperature conditions, the viscosity of the electrolyte increases, the ion conduction speed slows down, and it does not match the electron migration speed of the external circuit. The battery exhibits severe polarization, and the charging and discharging capacity sharply decreases. Especially in the case of low-temperature charging, Li+that migrates from the positive electrode may not be able to embed into the carbon layer of the negative electrode in time, forming lithium metal crystals at the negative end, leading to a decrease in battery capacity. Long term low-temperature charging can cause lithium dendrites to puncture the separator and cause short circuits.

Summary:

The main factors affecting the capacity degradation of lithium batteries are the structural damage or deactivation of positive and negative electrode materials, electrolyte decomposition, and abuse of lithium batteries. The charging and discharging process of a battery is a complex electrochemical process, and the factors that lead to battery capacity degradation are not singular. Moreover, the deterioration of one aspect may trigger other factors to jointly affect the battery's capacity, cycling performance, energy density, etc. Based on the analysis of the above factors, we can adopt targeted solutions to reduce capacity loss and extend the service life of lithium batteries.

Solution to capacity degradation of lithium batteries

In order to extend the lifespan of lithium batteries, it is generally recommended to use shallow charging and discharging methods. Do not overuse lithium batteries or charge them only when they are running out of battery, which is detrimental to the lifespan of lithium batteries.

I believe everyone has learned about the reasons for the decay of lithium batteries from the above article. That's all for the editor's analysis. Thank you all for watching!


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