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With the increasing global pollution, energy conservation and environmental protection have also been put on the agenda. At present, various sectors are calling for the promotion of the use of energy-saving and environmentally friendly products, and China has also introduced some relevant policies to encourage the research and use of energy-saving products. In the battery market, lithium batteries have quickly occupied the market with advantages such as safety, long service life, low maintenance costs, light weight, complete charging and discharging, and no memory effect, becoming the leader of the battery industry and gradually replacing traditional lead-acid batteries. A friend asked the editor, what is the discharge voltage of a lithium battery? Below, the editor will take you to understand the discharge voltage issue of lithium batteries.

What is the discharge voltage of a lithium battery?

Firstly, regarding the over discharge voltage of lithium batteries, we have contacted two lithium battery manufacturers as developers. Out of respect for the manufacturers, we temporarily refer to them as manufacturers A and B. In terms of batteries, the overvoltage protection action voltage of manufacturer A is 2.75V, while that of manufacturer B is 2.3V.

About Overdischarge Voltage

Manufacturer A informed us that the regulations for the over discharge protection voltage of lithium-ion batteries are not different from manufacturer to manufacturer, but are limited by the chemical characteristics of lithium-ion (polymer) batteries. Under normal temperature conditions, discharge voltage below 2.75V will cause irreparable damage to lithium-ion batteries.

Manufacturer B informed us that he has not heard of the issue of battery damage caused by over discharge voltage after 2.75V. But he is certain that the overvoltage protection action voltage of all the batteries they produce is indeed 2.3V, and the amount of this type of battery is also very large, which should meet the standards. We see a line in the battery specification table of manufacturer B that reads "When the voltage of any battery cell drops below 2.3V, the over discharge protection function should play a protective role to avoid deep discharge of the cell.".

During the grouping process of lithium batteries, due to the subtle differences in the material composition of lithium cells and the level of grouping technology, the functional performance of lithium cells may be inconsistent during use and placement. This is the discrete phenomenon of lithium batteries. The quantitative indicator to describe this discrete phenomenon is the degree of dispersion, which is obtained by the functional relationship of several parameters. The main factors that cause changes in the value of the degree of dispersion are resistance, voltage, capacity, temperature, etc.

1. The inconsistency of battery internal resistance, especially polarization internal resistance, leads to drastic voltage changes in individual batteries during charging and discharging, resulting in drastic changes in the entire battery pack;

2. The inconsistent voltage of individual ultra-thin batteries will affect the peak shaving ability of the battery pack, resulting in a decrease in the energy released by the overall battery pack;

3. Due to the exothermic and endothermic processes in the operation of ultra-thin batteries, the battery temperature will constantly change. When overheated, it will bring about performance degradation and safety hazards. It has been proven that the fuse for electric vehicle operation and testing fires in recent years is due to inadequate overheating protection, which causes the battery to heat up and catch fire. This is not only true for lithium manganese oxide batteries, but also for lithium iron phosphate batteries;

4. Capacity is a serious factor in discreteness, and inconsistent capacity mainly leads to two performance problems. Firstly, some batteries may be in an overcharged and over discharged state, resulting in unsafe factors such as combustion and explosion. Secondly, low capacity individual batteries, due to early termination of work, cannot fully release the energy of other individual batteries in the entire ultra-thin battery pack, leading to a decline in the lifespan of the entire battery pack.

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