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Comparison of energy density between lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries. Compared to other batteries, lithium batteries have a higher energy density, with lead-acid batteries at 30WH/KG and lithium batteries at 110WH/KG. The biggest advantage of lithium batteries is their high energy ratio and high storage density, reaching 460-600Wh/kg, which is about 6-7 times that of lead-acid batteries.

Comparison of energy density between lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries

Energy density refers to the energy released per unit mass or unit volume of a battery, that is, the specific energy by volume or mass. The energy density value of lithium batteries reflects the relationship between battery energy size and size: energy density ρ=E/V. The higher the energy density of a battery, the smaller the size of the battery under the same energy. Or in the case of the same size, the higher the energy density of the battery, the greater the battery energy.

Lithium batteries, whether in terms of volumetric energy or weight energy, are more than three times higher than lead-acid batteries. Lithium batteries are smaller in size and lighter in weight. Long cycle life. The cycle life of lithium batteries used in electric vehicles is generally over 800 times. Lithium batteries using lithium iron phosphate cathode materials can reach about 2000 times, which is 1.5 to 5 times longer than lead-acid batteries.

At present, the energy density of lithium batteries is generally between 200-260wh/g, and lead-acid is generally between 50-70wh/g. Therefore, the weight energy density of lithium batteries is 3-5 times that of lead-acid batteries. This means that under the same capacity, lead-acid batteries are 3-5 times that of lithium batteries. Therefore, in terms of lightweight energy storage devices, lithium batteries have an absolute advantage.

Lithium batteries have relatively high energy. It has a high storage density, currently reaching up to 460Wh/kg, which is about 5-10 times that of lead-acid batteries. In the future, it may be even higher (specific energy refers to the energy per unit weight or volume, expressed in Wh/kg or Wh/L.) With the development of lithium battery safety technology, the use of lithium batteries will definitely become safer and more popular.

Generally, under the same volume, the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is 2.5 times that of nickel cadmium batteries and 1.8 times that of nickel hydrogen batteries. Therefore, when the battery capacity is equal, lithium-ion batteries will have a smaller volume and lighter weight than nickel cadmium and nickel hydrogen batteries.

At present, the individual energy density of BYD's lithium iron phosphate battery is 150Wh, and BYD plans to further increase the energy density to 160Wh. In addition to lithium iron phosphate batteries, BYD is also synchronously developing ternary lithium batteries. If the technology of ternary lithium batteries is combined with lithium iron phosphate batteries and some adjustments are made to the original method of using graphite as the negative electrode material, BYD plans to increase the individual energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries to 200Wh around 2020.

The energy density of lead-acid batteries is relatively low, so they cannot be used as a power source for electric vehicles. If lead-acid batteries are used to drive household cars for more than 200km, it requires nearly 1 ton of battery, which is too heavy to be practical. Of course, lead toxicity is also one reason. The cycling performance of lead-acid batteries is also relatively poor. However, we can see that lead-acid batteries cannot be used as a power source for pure electric vehicles based solely on their energy density.

Traditional lead-acid batteries have low quality and volume energy density, with an energy density of only about 1/3 of that of lithium-ion batteries and about 1/2 of that of hydrogen nickel batteries. Moreover, they have a large volume and are not suitable for use in lightweight and small environments. Traditional lead-acid batteries have a shorter cycle life, with a theoretical cycle count of about one-third for lithium-ion batteries.

Many lithium battery manufacturers often use battery energy density as a promotional gimmick to highlight the long range and performance of their products. At present, the energy density of ternary lithium batteries with high energy density is only 200mAh/g. At present, the improvement of energy density is only limited to methods such as increasing battery size, and it will take a lot of time to achieve qualitative transformation through chemical system transformation.

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