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How many times do ternary lithium battery packs charge and discharge, and how many cycles do they have? With numerous advantages, ternary lithium battery packs have quickly occupied markets such as 3C and automotive, and gradually replaced traditional lead-acid batteries. Some people believe that ternary lithium batteries have a long lifespan, is that really the case? How many times does it have a lifecycle? The editor of this article will take you to explore.

A ternary lithium battery refers to a lithium battery that uses lithium nickel cobalt manganese ternary cathode materials as the positive electrode material. There are many types of positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, mainly lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel oxide, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc. At present, ternary battery cells have replaced the previously widely used lithium cobalt oxide battery cells and are widely used in the field of notebook batteries. For traditional batteries, ternary lithium batteries have advantages such as long lifespan, energy conservation, environmental protection, no pollution, low maintenance cost, complete charging and discharging, and light weight.

Number of charging and discharging cycles for ternary lithium battery packs

Imported ternary lithium battery packs can charge and discharge approximately 3000 times, while domestically produced ones can charge and discharge approximately 800-1000 times.

Ternary materials have advantages in battery specific energy, specific power, high rate charging, and low-temperature performance. In terms of cycling performance, lithium iron phosphate materials have obvious advantages, and in terms of safety, lithium iron phosphate batteries are also superior to ternary materials. When selecting batteries, they can be chosen according to different purposes. For example, if the space of a bus is large and the requirements for specific energy and power of the battery are relatively low, lithium iron phosphate material batteries can be chosen to give full play to their good cycling performance. If the space of a car is limited and the battery usage is small, it is more suitable to choose high specific energy and high specific power ternary lithium battery materials.

How many cycles does a ternary lithium battery pack have?

The theoretical lifespan of a ternary lithium battery pack is 1200 complete charge and discharge cycles, which is the complete cycle lifespan. According to the frequency of use, a complete charge and discharge cycle occurs once every three days, and 120 complete charge and discharge cycles occur once a year. The lifespan of a ternary lithium battery can reach ten years, even if there is loss or reduction in the number of charge and discharge days during use, it can still reach eight years. Note that this refers to the capacity lifespan, and after eight years, the capacity of a ternary lithium battery will still exceed 60%, which is the standard.

Usually, batteries such as mobile phones or 18650 batteries have a ternary lithium battery structure, with a charging and discharging cycle life ranging from 400 to 700 times. If the charging and discharging rules of lithium batteries are strictly followed, it is easy to reach the theoretical cycle number. Reaching the cycle number is not without capacitance, usually reaching less than 80% of the new battery capacity, even if it reaches the cycle life.

The principle of charging and discharging ternary lithium batteries

1. Charging of ternary lithium batteries

The maximum charging termination voltage for a single lithium battery is 4.2V and cannot be overcharged, otherwise the battery will be scrapped due to the loss of too much lithium ions from the positive electrode. When charging ternary lithium battery packs, dedicated constant current and constant voltage chargers should be used. First, charge the battery with constant current until the voltage at both ends of the lithium battery is 4.2V, and then switch to constant voltage charging mode; When the constant voltage charging current drops to 100mA, the charging should be stopped. The charging current (mA) can be 0.1-1.5 times the battery capacity, for example, for a 1350mAh lithium battery, the charging current can be controlled between 135mA and 2025mA. The conventional charging current can be selected at around 0.5 times the battery capacity, and the charging time is about 2-3 hours.

2. Discharge of ternary lithium batteries

Due to the internal structure of the lithium battery pack, during discharge, the lithium ions cannot all move towards the positive electrode, and a portion of the lithium ions must be retained at the negative electrode to ensure that the lithium ions can be smoothly embedded in the channel during the next charge. Otherwise, the battery life will be shortened. In order to ensure that there are some lithium ions left in the graphite layer after discharge, it is necessary to strictly limit the minimum voltage for discharge termination, which means that lithium batteries cannot be over discharged. The discharge termination voltage of a single lithium battery is usually 3.0V, and the minimum cannot be lower than 2.5V. The length of battery discharge time is related to battery capacity and discharge current.

Lithium battery discharge time (hours)=battery capacity/discharge current, and the discharge current (mA) of the lithium battery should not exceed three times the battery capacity. For example, for a 1000mAh lithium battery, the discharge current should be strictly controlled within 3A, otherwise the battery may be damaged.

Charging method for ternary lithium battery pack

Use a matching charger to fully charge the battery and then charge it for an hour.

Discharge to about 20% remaining before charging, excessive discharge can damage the battery.

Try to fully charge it at once when charging.

The above is an introduction to the charging and discharging times and cycle cycles of ternary lithium battery packs. For new energy vehicle lithium batteries, their lifespan is mainly calculated based on the number of cycles the battery is fully charged and discharged. Generally speaking, the lifespan of lithium batteries is only about 6 to 10 years.

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