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Many people are not familiar with whether lead-acid batteries can be filled with water. In fact, they can add it themselves. The danger is to be afraid of sulfuric acid splashing out inside, so wear rubber or plastic gloves. Moreover, adding water only makes sense when charging without turning the power. Adding water indiscriminately is not only useless, but also harmful, and distilled water should be added. Do not add anything else, and do not add too much. Below, we will teach the method of adding water to lead-acid batteries and the issues to pay attention to.

Science popularization: What is lead-acid batteries?

The electrode is made of lead and its oxides, and the electrolyte is a type of battery in sulfuric acid solution. In the discharge state, the important component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the important component of the negative electrode is lead; In the charging state, the important components of the positive and negative poles are both lead sulfate batteries, which are divided into exhaust type batteries and maintenance free lead-acid batteries. The batteries are mainly composed of tubular positive plates, negative plates, electrolytes, separators, battery slots, battery covers, pole posts, and injection caps. Generally, lead-acid energy storage batteries are used in the computer room, and they are used as backup power supply to the equipment in the computer room through UPS.

What kind of battery needs to be refilled with water?

1. Lead acid batteries with a capacity drop of less than 20% suffer from severe water shortage and must.

2. Lead acid batteries with a capacity of less than 40% and more than 20% are prone to water shortage. It is recommended to replenish water for repair.

3. Lead acid batteries with a capacity of less than 60% and more than 40% lack less water. If conditions permit, the repair effect of the battery will be better.

4. There is no shortage of water when the capacity decreases by less than 60%, and there is no need to replenish it.

When the water replenishment amount for the six individual cells of lead-acid batteries is normal, the difference should not be significant. The specific amount of water replenishment for each lead-acid battery depends on the degree of water loss. In short, it should be ensured that there is flowing electrolyte in each cell of the lead-acid battery throughout the entire repair process

Steps for adding water to lead-acid batteries:

How much water is suitable for general lead-acid batteries? A 12V lead-acid battery has 6 cells, and the total amount of electrolyte in each cell ranges from tens to hundreds of milliliters depending on the battery capacity. The part that usually needs to be supplemented only needs a few milliliters to several tens of milliliters, and it is advisable to fill the electrode group with electrolyte. The method and steps for adding water to lead-acid batteries are as follows:

Opening a lead-acid battery refers to opening the safety valve on the lead-acid battery, which allows for a direct view of its interior. The position of the safety valve of lead-acid batteries is below the safety valve cover of lead-acid batteries. The safety valve cover is generally glued or welded to the large cover of lead-acid batteries using ultrasonic waves. The following operation procedure should be followed to replenish water for lead-acid batteries.

1. Preparation work. Prepare the electrolyte with distilled water and pure sulfuric acid in a ratio of 500ml. Add 0.5ml of distilled water and pure sulfuric acid. Prepare standard rubber safety valves for backup. Tools include: screwdriver, straw (disposable needle can be used instead), transparent polyethylene tube, diameter suitable for straw (needle) suction mouth, ABS adhesive.

2. Pry open the cover plate above the lead-acid battery along the exhaust hole. Some lead-acid battery covers are bonded with ABS adhesive, while others are connected with buckles. Be careful not to damage the cover when prying it open. At this point, you can see the rubber caps of the six safety valves.

3. Open the rubber cap and expose the exhaust hole, through which you can see the interior of the lead-acid battery. Some lead-acid batteries have safety valves that can be loosened, and there is also some padding around the rubber cap of some lead-acid batteries. Be careful to remove the padding.

4. Inhale the prepared electrolyte using a dropper and inject the electrolyte through the exhaust port. The electrolyte should cover the electrode plate exactly 1mm.

5. Cover the exhaust hole of the lead-acid battery filled with electrolyte with a breathable cover to prevent dust from falling into the exhaust hole. Let it stand for 24 hours and observe if there is any flowing electrolyte (free acid) inside the exhaust hole. If not, replenish the electrolyte.

When the water replenishment amount for the six individual cells of lead-acid batteries is normal, the difference should not be significant. The specific amount of water replenishment for each lead-acid battery depends on the degree of water loss. In short, during the entire repair process, it should be ensured that there is flowing electrolyte in each cell of the lead-acid battery.

Place a transparent polyethylene sleeve with a length of 2cm over the exhaust hole, and perform 16.2V constant voltage current limiting charging on a lead-acid battery with a nominal I2V under uncovered conditions. It is best to place lead-acid batteries in acid resistant containers during charging to prevent spilled electrolyte from contaminating the environment and corroding equipment. After the red light starts flashing for 3 hours after charging, it is considered that the lead-acid battery is fully charged for the first time.

What should be noted when adding electrolyte or supplementing water to lead-acid batteries

The electrolyte of lead-acid batteries is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, and in lead-acid batteries, the electrolyte is a component that participates in the reaction. Therefore, the capacity of the battery is directly dependent on the electrolyte inside the battery. The dehydration of power type VRLA lead-acid batteries usually refers to the loss of electrolyte moisture. The following aspects are important for causing water loss:

(1) The hydrogen or oxygen generated by water electrolysis leaves the battery;

(2) During the process of converting lead (Pb) into lead dioxide (PbO2) due to corrosion of the grid, the absorption of oxygen causes the water containing components to lose oxygen; Loss of water by evaporation;

(3) Water vapor can also be directly lost through the shell wall of the battery;

(4) The water vapor inside the battery is released from the battery due to factors such as hydrogen and oxygen.

After adding water to the battery, attention should be paid to the following issues. After the initial charging of the battery, check if there is still electrolyte on the surface of the lead-acid battery pole group: if there is no electrolyte, add electrolyte before charging; If there is still electrolyte in 6 cells, use a straw to suck out the excess electrolyte. Any lead-acid battery that needs to be replenished with water, before being replenished, operates in a high sulfuric acid concentration state. lead-acid batteries may have varying degrees of sulfurization, whether light or heavy. Therefore, lead-acid batteries that have been replenished with water must undergo pulse de sulfurization. When adding electrolyte or replenishing water to lead-acid batteries, the following points should be noted:

(1) The electrolyte should be higher than the electrode plate by 1.0-1.5mm. For lead-acid batteries with two red lines, the electrolyte must not exceed the upper red line. An electrolyte that is too full will overflow from the small hole on the cover of a lead-acid battery. Because the electrolyte is conductive, once it flows between the positive and negative poles of a lead-acid battery, a self discharge circuit will be formed. In this case, the electrolyte should be wiped off or rinsed with water.

(2) If something accidentally falls off while adding electrolyte, do not use metal objects to catch it. Use a wooden rod to clamp out impurities. If iron or copper wire is used to salvage, metal molecules will enter lead-acid batteries under the corrosion of sulfuric acid, forming self discharge and damaging lead-acid batteries.

(3) During the charging and discharging repair process of lead-acid batteries, the water in the electrolyte will gradually decrease due to electrolysis and evaporation, resulting in a decrease in the electrolyte level. If not replenished in a timely manner, it may shorten the service life of lead-acid batteries, and distilled water should be replenished in a timely manner.

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