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Will lithium iron batteries explode? Analysis of explosion problems in lithium iron phosphate batteries. In the past few years, electric vehicles using ternary lithium batteries have experienced multiple fires and explosions. As a result, lithium iron phosphate batteries, which had relatively less negative news, were labeled as "absolutely safe" and became the preferred choice for electric vehicle power batteries. But will lithium iron phosphate batteries really not explode? The editor will analyze the reasons for the explosion of lithium iron phosphate batteries for you.

Will lithium iron batteries explode?

Lithium iron phosphate batteries generally do not experience explosions or fires. The safety of lithium iron phosphate batteries is relatively high during normal use, but there is no absolute guarantee, and danger can still occur in some extreme situations. This is closely related to the material selection, proportion, process, and later use of each company.

Although lithium iron phosphate material has the highest thermal stability and structural stability among all positive electrode materials in terms of thermodynamics, and has been verified in actual safety performance tests, it can be considered the least safe in terms of the possibility and probability of short circuits occurring within the material and battery.

Firstly, in terms of material preparation, the solid-state sintering reaction of lithium iron phosphate is a complex multiphase reaction, which includes solid-state phosphates, iron oxides, and lithium salts, as well as carbon precursors and reducing gas phases. In order to ensure that the iron element in lithium iron phosphate is positively divalent, the sintering reaction must be carried out in a reducing atmosphere. In the process of reducing trivalent iron ions to positively divalent iron ions in a strong reducing atmosphere, there is a possibility of further reducing the positively divalent iron ions to trace amounts of elemental iron.

Single element iron can cause micro short circuits in batteries, which is the most taboo substance in batteries. This is also one of the main reasons why Japan did not apply lithium iron phosphate to power lithium-ion batteries. In addition, a significant characteristic of solid-phase reactions is the slowness and incompleteness of the reaction, which increases the possibility of trace amounts of Fe ₂ O ₂ in lithium iron phosphate. The Argonne Laboratory in the United States attributed the poor high-temperature cycling of lithium iron phosphate to the dissolution of Fe ₂ O ₂ during charge discharge cycling and the precipitation of elemental iron on the negative electrode. In addition, in order to improve the performance of lithium iron phosphate, its particles must be nano sized. A significant characteristic of nanomaterials is their low structural and thermal stability, high chemical activity, which to some extent increases the probability of iron dissolution in lithium iron phosphate, especially under high temperature cycling and storage conditions. The experimental results also indicate that the presence of iron element can be detected through chemical analysis or energy spectrum analysis on the negative electrode.

From the perspective of preparing lithium iron phosphate batteries, due to the small size and high specific surface area of lithium iron phosphate nanoparticles, and the use of carbon coating technology, high specific surface area activated carbon has a strong adsorption effect on gases such as water in the air, resulting in poor electrode processing performance and poor adhesion of the binder to its nanoparticles. During the battery preparation process, as well as during the charging and discharging cycles and storage of the battery, nanoparticles are prone to detach from the electrodes, causing internal micro short circuits in the battery.

Analysis of explosion problems in lithium iron phosphate batteries

1. Excessive moisture content

Water can react with the electrolyte in the battery cell to produce gas. During charging, it can react with the generated lithium to generate lithium oxide, causing a loss of capacity in the battery cell and making it easy for the cell to overcharge and generate gas. The decomposition voltage of water is low, making it easy to decompose and generate gas during charging. When this series of generated gases increases the internal pressure of the cell, the cell will explode when the outer shell of the cell cannot withstand it.

2. Internal short circuit

Due to the occurrence of internal short circuits, the battery cell discharges with high current, generating a large amount of heat and burning the diaphragm, resulting in greater short circuits. This causes the battery cell to generate high temperature, causing the electrolyte to decompose into gas, resulting in excessive internal pressure. When the outer shell of the battery cell cannot withstand this pressure, the battery cell will explode.

3. Upper adhesive

During laser welding, heat is transmitted through the shell to the positive electrode ear, causing the temperature of the positive electrode ear to increase. If the upper adhesive tape does not separate the positive electrode ear and the diaphragm, the hot positive electrode ear will cause the diaphragm paper to burn or shrink, causing internal short circuits and forming explosions.

4. Wrap the negative electrode ear with high-temperature adhesive tape

When the customer is spot welding the negative electrode ear, heat is transferred to the negative electrode ear. If the high-temperature adhesive tape is not properly applied, the heat on the negative electrode ear will burn the diaphragm, causing an internal short circuit and forming an explosion.

5. The bottom adhesive is not completely covering the bottom

When customers spot weld the aluminum nickel composite strip at the bottom, a large amount of heat is generated on the bottom shell wall. If the high-temperature adhesive tape does not completely cover the bottom of the conductive electrode core, it will burn the diaphragm, cause internal short circuits, and form an explosion.

6. Overcharging

When the battery cell is overcharged, excessive release of lithium from the positive electrode can cause a change in the structure of the positive electrode, and excessive release of lithium can also easily prevent insertion into the negative electrode, leading to lithium deposition on the surface of the negative electrode. Moreover, when the voltage reaches 4.5V or above, the electrolyte will decompose and produce a large amount of gas. All of the above may cause an explosion.

7. External short circuit

External short circuits may be caused by improper operation or misuse. Due to external short circuits, the discharge current of the battery is high, which can cause the cell to heat up. High temperatures can cause the diaphragm inside the cell to shrink or completely damage, resulting in internal short circuits and explosions.

The above are the reasons for the explosion and fire of lithium iron phosphate batteries. If we use them correctly, I can effectively avoid the probability of lithium battery explosions.

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