-China promotes the R&D and industrialization of high-performance power lithium batteries

China promotes the R&D and industrialization of high-performance power lithium batteries
author:enerbyte source:本站 click541 Release date: 2022-12-14 09:00:58
abstract:
With Japan's Panasonic power battery factory settled in Dalian, South Korea's LG Chem and Samsung SDI have been put into production in Nanjing and Xi'an respectively, and almost all the world's leading power battery manufacturers have deployed production capacity in China.Moreover, C...

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With Japan's Panasonic power battery factory settled in Dalian, South Korea's LG Chem and Samsung SDI have been put into production in Nanjing and Xi'an respectively, and almost all the world's leading power battery manufacturers have deployed production capacity in China.

Moreover, China's white list of automotive power battery industry has begun to open to Japanese and Korean joint ventures. As the world's largest new energy vehicle market, more foreign enterprises will enter China in the future, and China's power battery industry will enter a period of accelerated reshuffle.

Therefore, at present, it is necessary to accelerate the research and development and industrialization of high-performance power battery technology, and realize the supplement and strengthening of the new energy vehicle industry chain, which is a key measure for China to build an advanced power battery industry cluster and achieve "overtaking at corners".

(1) China, Japan and South Korea lead the world in power battery technology

Power battery is the core component of new energy vehicles. At present, China, South Korea and Japan have become the world leader in the field of power battery.

In 2017, the global power battery shipment volume was 62.35GWh. Enterprises from China, Japan and South Korea ranked among the top ten global power battery enterprises in 2017, and the cumulative shipment volume of ten enterprises accounted for 80% of the global power battery. Among the top ten enterprises, China has seven enterprises, including Ningde Times and BYD, South Korea has two enterprises, LG Chemical and Samsung SDI, and Japan has Panasonic Electric.

Among them, Japan and South Korea have certain advantages in power battery technology research and development and manufacturing process, while China has the most complete power battery industry chain in the world.

In 2017, China's new energy vehicle production reached 777000, accounting for half of the global sales. In the future, Chinese enterprises will gradually expand from the domestic market to the international market, and Japanese and Korean enterprises will also further contribute to the Chinese market. China will become the main battlefield of global power battery competition.

From the perspective of development direction, the future automotive power battery technology will develop towards high energy density, high cycle and safety. Power enterprises should first improve the specific energy of power batteries. To compete with fuel vehicles, battery performance needs to be further improved.

It is estimated that if the specific energy of the battery can be increased to 300 watt hours/kg, it can meet the use needs of various cars.

In addition, the battery system life of the power battery is not long enough. The battery needs to be eliminated in about 5-8 years. There are also battery safety problems. The explosion and combustion of electric vehicles also make the battery safety problem more prominent.

(2) There is structural overcapacity in China's power battery industry

Data shows that in 2017, the national power battery production capacity was 180Gwh, and the capacity utilization rate was only 40%. The domestic power battery industry has seen a certain overcapacity. Some products are low-end, and price competition is fierce. Some enterprises have unsalable products, crises, and even bankruptcy.

China Automotive Technology Research Center announced that in 2017, the number of power battery manufacturers was less than 100, 33% less than that in 2016. Among them, the number of lithium iron phosphate battery enterprises decreased by about 50% year on year.

However, the high-performance power battery market is in short supply. Although the capacity utilization rate of key enterprises such as Ningde Times and BYD is more than 80%, the structural overcapacity of China's power battery industry has emerged, with obvious polarization.

In recent years, battery materials, single batteries, battery systems and other key technologies have developed rapidly, and the power battery technology has accelerated its iteration, promoting the development of automotive power batteries towards safer, longer life and faster charging speed.

At present, ternary lithium battery technology is currently in the mainstream. Solid state battery, fuel cell and other power battery technologies are in the breakthrough period. Emerging technologies such as graphene battery, solid state lithium battery, hydrogen fuel cell and aluminum air battery may overturn the future power battery industry pattern.

On the international market, Panasonic, LG Chemical, Samsung SDI and other power battery enterprises have formed industrial alliances with Tesla, Renault, BMW and other well-known car enterprises. At a time when ternary lithium battery is becoming a mainstream technology, only a few domestic manufacturers have the supply capacity of ternary lithium battery, and the product performance and consistency need to be improved. The R&D and production capacity of power battery need to be improved, and the international advanced level should be compared. There is a certain gap between domestic battery enterprises in terms of technology research and development and industrialization, and the supply of high-performance power battery products is relatively insufficient.

In recent years, under the influence of financial subsidies, purchase tax exemption and other policies, the new energy vehicle industry has witnessed explosive growth, and a large amount of capital investment has entered the new energy vehicle field, especially the battery field. Some enterprises (including social capital) lack a certain understanding of the power battery and new energy automobile industries, lack technical reserves, and pursue early production and scale effect, resulting in a certain proportion of low-end production capacity. Due to the imperfect technical standards of power battery, low automation of production equipment, low production process level and other factors in the last two years, some low-end products cannot meet the requirements of new energy vehicle promotion for power battery technical standards.

(3) Give play to the main role of leading enterprises in the collaborative innovation system, break through key common technologies, and explore new paths for power battery technology

First, strengthen the construction of national power battery innovation capacity. Further improve the operation mechanism of the National Power Battery Innovation Center, improve the company's equity structure and corporate governance structure, focus on improving the market decision-making position of battery leading enterprises in the "company+alliance" structure, better play the role of battery enterprises as market players, and solve the technical bottlenecks of battery materials, single batteries, battery systems and other industries. Vigorously build provincial and municipal power battery innovation centers. It is suggested to take Ningde Times, BYD, Guoxuan Hi Tech, Tianjin Lishen and other battery enterprises as the backbone, integrate the strength of scientific research institutes, further expand the opening up and attract international enterprises to join in, so as to form key generic technology and forward-looking technology research, as well as intellectual property distribution and reserve, with the goal of supplying, transferring and diffusing key generic technology research and development, and first commercialization, Build an open platform for power battery technology integration and R&D, and explore a new path for automotive power battery technology.

Second, increase the support for theoretical research and technical research and development of power batteries. In combination with the relevant planning of new energy vehicles and new battery materials, define the key technologies and key areas of power batteries, and increase the research on relevant theories and core technologies of power batteries by national major science and technology projects such as the "National Key R&D Plan" and the Natural Science Foundation; Guide industrial transformation and upgrading funds and various special funds for industrial development to focus on supporting the research and development of power batteries; We will guide local governments to support the new energy vehicle industry, and focus on increasing the investment in research and development of key technologies such as power batteries from the promotion and application link.

(4) Give play to the regulatory role of industrial policies, strengthen financial guidance, and support the industrialization of high-performance power batteries

First, give play to the guiding role of industrial policies to support the application of high-performance battery products. In combination with the white list work in the automotive power battery industry, considering the energy density, performance parameters, monomer type, product safety and other factors, establish and form a brand mechanism for automotive power battery enterprises, and encourage downstream vehicle enterprises to integrate. For example, the Measures for the Concurrent Management of Average Fuel Consumption and New Energy Vehicle Credits of Passenger Vehicle Enterprises should be improved to correspondingly improve the credit value of related products and guide the automotive industry to apply high-performance battery products on a large scale.

Second, the combination of industry and finance supports the industrialization project of high-performance batteries. Strengthen the docking and cooperation between the competent authorities of the automobile industry and the financial, financial and other departments, form a differentiated financial policy, support financing and investment focus to tilt to the white list of the battery industry, and control the loan quota of new power battery projects that do not meet the national standards and industrial trends.

Third, we will continue to increase financial support for the application and promotion of high-performance power batteries. In combination with battery energy density and energy consumption coefficient, gradually improve the threshold requirements for energy density of power battery systems, encourage the application of high-performance power batteries, and promote the realization of the main goals of the Action Plan for Promoting the Development of the Automotive Power Battery Industry in 2020, such as the specific energy of new lithium ion power battery units exceeding 300 watt hours/kg, and the specific energy of the system striving to reach 260 watt hours/kg.

Fourth, innovate the investment mode of power battery industrialization. We will support local governments to set up guidance funds, use market-oriented mechanisms, and absorb social capital to set up auto power battery industry development funds to support the industrialization of power battery technology.

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