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4. Short circuit of electrode plate

The direct contact or overlap of the positive and negative plates of a battery by other conductive substances is called a short circuit of the plates. The phenomenon of this fault is that the terminal voltage rises relatively slowly during battery charging. If the terminal voltage is detected by battery discharge, the voltage is very low and will quickly drop to zero. The temperature of the electrolyte rises rapidly, but it rises slowly compared to heavy charging, and there are few bubbles at the end of charging.

The following situations can cause a short circuit in the electrode plate:

(1) The damaged partition causes direct contact between the positive and negative plates.

(2) Excessive deposition of active substances can connect the positive and negative electrode plates.

(3) The bending of the plate group, excessive discharge of the battery, excessive shedding of active substances from the plate, or impurities in the battery can all cause the plate to bend.

(4) Conductive objects fall into the electrolyte.

The troubleshooting method for batteries with a short circuit in the electrode plate is: when a short circuit occurs in the electrode plate, the battery must be disassembled for inspection to find the cause of the short circuit in the electrode plate. Or replace damaged partitions, eliminate deposited active substances, or correct (replace) bent electrode groups. The charging and discharging current of batteries with short circuit on the electrode should not be too high, let alone over discharged.

5. Self discharge

The self discharge of a battery refers to the phenomenon of natural loss of capacity when the battery is in an open circuit idle state. It is impossible to completely eliminate self discharge. In general, a well maintained and fully charged battery that has been left in an environment of 20-30 ℃ for 28 hours loses more than 20% of its capacity, which is called excessive self discharge.

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