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15. Graphene can be used as a sieve to filter ions in water

At present, with the increasing water consumption and the increasing severity of seawater and environmental pollution, hundreds of millions of people worldwide are unable to access safe drinking water. Due to the energy intensive and environmentally destructive nature of traditional seawater desalination processes, we urgently need to extract clean water from seawater or polluted water.

Researchers from the University of Manchester believe that graphene oxide (GO) membrane can provide a simple method to filter out unwanted salts and impurities from drinking water. The disadvantage of graphene membranes is that when the GO layer is immersed in water, two or three layers of water molecules insert themselves into the interlayer space, which expands the gap, allows ions and molecules to pass through, and reduces the selectivity of the material. Nair and his team found a simple method around this drawback, which involves stacking GO between epoxy resins to limit its expansion when immersed in water. By using this method, physically sealed graphene oxide (PCGO) membranes can successfully filter out common ions such as Na and K while allowing water to pass through.

16. Electrochemical graphene made into a bacterial insecticide

The application of graphene is gradually being explored, and researchers at Rice University have used this material to create a bacterial insecticide. Previously, a material called laser induced graphene (LIG) had been found to be antibacterial, but now the team has found that by adding a few volts of electricity, these properties can be improved to a new level.

Tour said: This form of graphene is highly resistant to the formation of biofilms, which has great application potential for biofilm formation, such as in water treatment plants, oil drilling operations, hospitals, and marine applications, such as pollution sensitive underwater pipelines. The high antibacterial activity when using electricity is a significant additional benefit.

Tour said that the combination of passive biological fouling inhibition and active voltage induced microbial removal makes this a very popular material for suppressing the rise of natural pollution that troubles many industries, solving a major problem.

17. Graphene on silicon carbide can store energy

By introducing defects on the perfect surface of graphene in silicon carbide, researchers at Linkping University in Sweden have added the material's ability to store charges.

The researchers conducting the research used a method developed at Linkping University to manufacture silicon carbide crystals using graphene. When silicon carbide is heated to 2000 ℃, the silicon atoms on the surface move to the gas phase, leaving only carbon atoms. Mikhail Vagin said that the electrochemical process known as anodic oxidation damages the graphene layer, resulting in more edges. We measured the properties of anodized graphene and found that the material has a considerable ability to store electrical energy.

MikaelSyvjrvi said: Graphene on silicon carbide can be manufactured in a larger area than other types of graphene. If we can change the properties of the material in a controlled manner, we can customize the surface for other functions, such as creating a sensor with its own built-in battery.

18. Utilizing graphene to create high-end cameras beyond visible light

In the past 40 years, microelectronics technology has made rapid progress, thanks in large part to silicon and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) technology, which has made it possible to manufacture computers, smartphones, small and low-cost digital cameras, and most of the electronic products we rely on today. However, due to the difficulty in combining semiconductors other than silicon with CMOS, this platform has become more complex and diverse in addition to microcircuits and visible light cameras.

Now this obstacle has been overcome. ICFO researchers have demonstrated for the first time the monolithic integration of CMOS integrated circuits with graphene, resulting in a high-resolution image sensor based on hundreds of thousands of photodetectors of graphene and quantum dots (QDs). Overall, the demonstration of the monolithic integration of graphene and CMOS enables a wider range of optoelectronic applications, such as low-power optical data communication and compact, ultra sensitive sensing systems.

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