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Classification of Adhesives for Lithium Ion Batteries

At any time, less than 1-2% of battery binders are used inside lithium-ion batteries, playing an important core role, and often having unexpected effects on battery performance due to certain characteristics of polymer binders.

1、 Performance of PVDF

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a polymer material with high dielectric constant, good chemical stability and temperature characteristics, excellent mechanical properties and processability, and has a positive use for improving the bonding performance. It is widely used in lithium ion batteries as a positive and negative electrode binder.

The important factors affecting the adhesion of PVDF include molecular weight, crystallinity, PVDF modification, positive electrode materials, and types of conductive agents. The larger the molecular weight of PVDF, the stronger its adhesion, and the greater the peel strength of the electrode. The higher the crystallinity, the closer the stacking between molecular chains, the greater the intermolecular utility, and the better the adhesion. PVDF has good performance as a binder for lithium-ion batteries, and the important factors affecting its use are the solubility of PVDF powder in NMP solvent and the influence of moisture.

2、 CMC and SBR

CMC adhesive has good adhesion to metal foil and has conductivity. The viscosity of CMC glue decreases with the increase of temperature, making it prone to moisture absorption and poor elasticity. Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is a water-based binder, a polymer material with excellent water resistance and aging resistance.

Relatively speaking, SBR has stronger adhesion, but it is prone to demulsification under long-term stirring, resulting in structural damage and reduced adhesion. Generally, SBR is added in the later stage of stirring. At the same time, the dispersion effect of SBR is not as good as that of CMC. Excessive SBR will cause significant swelling, so SBR cannot be completely used as a binder.

3、 Polyacrylic acid (PAA) and its salts as binders

Polyacrylic acid is a water-soluble chain polymer that can form polyacrylates with many metal ions. For example, the molecular chains of polyacrylic acid and its salts also contain many oxygen-containing groups (- COOH), which can form hydrogen bonds with the surface of silicon carbon active materials, endowing active particles with strong binding force with the current collector. At the same time, it can also alleviate the volume expansion of silicon based materials and improve the cycling performance of batteries, Improving the lifespan of batteries: Sodium polyacrylate, which is easily soluble in water and has thickening properties, can be used as a thickening agent for lithium-ion battery slurry.

4、 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) class

The molecular formula of PTFE monomer is (CF2CF2), and PTFE has good adhesion and can form an elastic network structure in the electrode matrix. In this structure, active substances not only have good contact with each other, which is conducive to electron conduction, but also can resist the expansion and contraction caused by electrode charging and discharging, which can improve the discharge performance and storage life of lithium-ion batteries.

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