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According to the statistics of SNER Research, there are six battery companies in China that are listed on the top 10 of the global EV battery installed capacity, which is far ahead of other countries in terms of market share and the number on the list. And a new round of fighting reappears in the circuit of solid-state batteries.
China's battery companies have begun to enter the solid-state battery arms race on a large scale. Dozens of companies such as Qingtao, Weilan, Huineng, Tailan, Enli Solid State, High-energy Times, and Mengwei have successively launched solid state batteries with energy density of 400Wh/kg, and plan to put them into mass production from 2022 to 2023. With the momentum of 1000-kilometer endurance BEV advancing rapidly, China's automobile enterprises such as SAIC Zhiji, GAC Aian, Weilai, and Gaohe have actively researched or cooperated with solid state battery manufacturers to jointly promote the process of solid state battery installation.
The NE era has summarized the current situation of solid state batteries on the vehicle. Generally speaking, both at home and abroad, it has been clear that the first application of solid and liquid hybrid batteries on the vehicle is the battery factory. This year or next year, the battery factory will supply samples for the vehicle enterprises, carry out loading tests, and carry out small batch manufacturing, so as to ensure that the vehicle enterprises with the intention of loading applications can launch new vehicles according to the time plan. All solid-state batteries will be applied between 2025 and 2030.
Vehicle enterprise: Weilai
Battery manufacturer: Weilan New Energy
Weilan New Energy is cooperating with Weilai and plans to launch a hybrid solid-liquid electrolyte battery with a single charging range of 1000 km based on Weilai ET7, and the battery is expected to start mass production at the end of 2022 or the first half of 2023 at the earliest.
In March, Li Hong, the chief scientist and founder of Weilan New Energy, revealed at the China Electric Vehicle Hundred Forum that Weilan New Energy has developed a hybrid solid-liquid electrolyte power lithium battery, which will be mass produced and applied on the Weilai ET7 model, with a single charge of 1000km, a battery pack capacity of 150kWh, and a single energy density of 360Wh/kg.
Weilai previously disclosed that the 150kWh semi-solid battery pack will be delivered in the fourth quarter of 2022. Except for ET7, all owners of Weilai can upgrade to use the battery pack.
The semi-solid battery of Weilan New Energy adopts the technology of in-situ solid-state. Through chemical and electrochemical reactions, the liquid electrolyte is partially or completely converted into solid electrolyte, which can solve the problem of maintaining good contact between the solid electrolyte and the positive and negative electrode materials in the circulation process. It can comprehensively balance the requirements of charging the cell to high voltage, safety, lithium dendrite precipitation and volume expansion control.
Vehicle enterprise: Dongfeng Fengshen
Battery manufacturer: Ganfeng Lithium
On January 22, 2022, the Dongfeng-Ganfeng high specific energy solid state battery (actually semi-solid) E70 demonstration operation vehicle was launched in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, and the first batch of 50 sets of Dongfeng Fengshen E70 were delivered.
Ganfeng Lithium officially said that the solid-state battery system carried by Dongfeng Fengshen E70 was the first in the world to realize the loading of hybrid solid-liquid lithium battery based on flexible solid-state separator.
However, Dongfeng Fengshen E70 is still the first generation solid state battery of Ganfeng lithium battery. The official did not release specific energy density data. The energy density of Ganfeng lithium second-generation solid state battery will exceed 400Wh/kg, and the cell capacity will be 100-180Ah.
Ganfeng has a long history in the field of solid state batteries. In 2016, it set up a solid state battery research and development center and built a fully automatic polymer lithium battery production line, taking into account the research and development and commercialization of solid state technology. At present, Ganfeng Lithium Battery has produced 2GWh of solid state batteries and 7GWh of lithium iron phosphate batteries in Xinyu production base in Jiangxi.
In July 2022, the commencement and completion activities of key projects in Chongqing Liangjiang New Area in 2022 were held in Ganfeng New Lithium Battery Technology Industrial Park. At the event, Ganfeng New Lithium Battery Science and Technology Industrial Park and Advanced Battery Research Institute announced the official commencement of the project, planning to form a 10GWh battery output and a 10GWh pack project.
Ganfeng New Lithium Battery Science and Technology Industrial Park covers an area of 630 mu, with a total construction area of 570000 m2, including three subprojects: Solid State Battery Technology Research Institute, Solid State Battery Production Base and Battery Pack System. The project plans to build the largest solid state battery production base in China, with cell, module, BMS and battery pack system solutions as the important direction.
By August, Ganfeng Lithium Industry issued a notice repeatedly, saying that Ganfeng Lithium agreed to invest in the construction of a new lithium battery production project with an annual output of 6GWh with its own capital of not more than 3.5 billion yuan; It is agreed that Ganfeng Lithium Electronics Co., Ltd. Ganfeng New Lithium Source will invest in the construction of a project with an annual output of 2 billion small polymer lithium batteries with its own capital of no more than 2 billion yuan. It is agreed to increase the construction scale of Ganfeng Lithium Battery's new lithium battery project with an annual output of 5GWh in Jiangxi Xinyu High-tech Industrial Development Zone to 10GWh, and the construction scale of the new lithium battery technology industrial park with an annual output of 10GWh and the advanced battery research institute project in Chongqing Liangjiang New Area to 20GWh.
Auto enterprise: Gaohe
Battery manufacturer: Guoxuan Hi-Tech
Guoxuan Hi-Tech announced two new products at the 11th Science and Technology Conference, namely 360Wh/kg semi-solid battery and the first smart mobile energy storage charging pile for the C-end market.
Among them, the single energy density of the semi-solid battery is 360Wh/kg, the single cell is 136Ah, and the weight is 1341g. The semi-solid battery is developed by Guoxuan Hi-Tech through material and technology innovation, the surface of the positive material particles is coated with solid electrolyte, the negative electrode is made of silicon negative electrode, the use of a new type of high safety function diaphragm and high safety liquid electrolyte. The semi-solid battery can pass the harsh needle test and the 180 ℃ hotbox test higher than the national standard.
The battery pack power and energy density of the vehicle with this battery are 160kWh and 260Wh/kg respectively, the range is up to 1000km, and the acceleration time of the vehicle is only 3.9s. Guoxuan Hi-Tech said on the interactive platform on August 5 that the semi-solid battery matched the customer's demand and continued to meet the production demand according to the order. At present, according to the customer's demand, it is expected to be loaded in small batches at the end of this year.
Although there is no explicit description of the model, it can be seen from the pictures displayed in the live speech that this car is most likely the HiPhiX. This is also roughly in line with the Gaohe Energy Upgrading Plan released by Gaohe Motor in March 2021. According to this plan, Gaohe will launch the 160kWh ultra-high battery pack energy upgrading service. After energy upgrading, the maximum range of HiPhiX under NEDC conditions can reach 1000km. This service will be booked in the fourth quarter of 2022 and implemented in the first quarter of 2023.
Auto enterprises: SAIC Zhiji, United Auto
Battery manufacturer: Qingtao Energy
On July 6, SAIC Group signed a contract with Qingtao (Kunshan) Energy Development Co., Ltd., and SAIC Qingtao Solid State Battery Joint Laboratory was inaugurated.
The two sides will focus on the key projects such as the mass production and application of long-endurance solid-state power lithium batteries, the 4C fast charging technology of solid-state power lithium batteries, the development of high safety and long life solid-state power lithium batteries, and the development of high-efficiency solid-state power lithium battery integration technology, and jointly promote the implementation of solid-state battery technology to speed up mass production, and work together to improve the core competitiveness of China's new energy vehicles.
According to the plan, the solid state power lithium battery with a long endurance of more than 1000 kilometers developed jointly by the two sides will take the lead in landing application on the new model of SAIC's own brand next year.
SAIC Group participated in Qingtao Energy E+round and F++round financing in June 2020 and January 2022. The two sides have a foundation of technical development and cooperation for many years. Last year, they jointly achieved the real vehicle verification of ultra-high energy density solid state lithium batteries. With the single energy density of 368Wh/kg solid state batteries combined with the new generation pure electric platform of SAIC, the measured CLTC comprehensive range reached 1083km.
In June 2020, Qingtao Energy and New Power reached in-depth cooperation to jointly promote the research and development and application of solid-state batteries. At that time, it was announced that the second mass-production vehicle of Hezhong, Nezha U, would become the world's first mass-production vehicle equipped with solid-state batteries.
Vehicle enterprises: Vinfast, Benz
Battery manufacturer: Huineng Technology
Vietnamese car company Vinfast and Huineng Technology reached a strategic cooperation agreement in July this year, which will jointly develop next-generation solid-state battery applications, deploy solid-state battery supply in advance, and jointly enter the intelligent mobile solutions.
Since 2024, Huineng Technology plans to supply the next-generation solid-state battery cells to Vinfast to support the acceleration of the release of Vinfast's new pure electric vehicles. The first solid state battery factory of Huineng Technology will be launched in early 2023 and will start large-scale production in the second half of the same year. Most of the production will be shipped as support for faster orders; In the future, the two sides will also further discuss the establishment of a joint venture in Vietnam to establish a solid-state battery factory to meet the rapidly growing market demand.
In January this year, Huineng Technology announced that it had signed a technical cooperation agreement with Mercedes-Benz to develop the next-generation battery. The first Benz electric test vehicle equipped with this co-developed solid-state battery is expected to be launched in the next few years. The two sides also reached an agreement on introducing solid-state battery technology into a series of passenger vehicles in the second half of the decade.
Around 2021, Huineng Technology announced that it had reached cooperation with the new forces of car building such as Weilai, Aichi and Tianji, and strengthened strategic cooperation with FAW Group.
Since October 2017, Huineng has started to put its manufacturing process into large-scale pilot production line validation, followed by the launch of the world's first solid-state lithium ceramic battery mass production line at the beginning of 2023, and from 0.5GWh to the target of full load annual production of 3GWh (equivalent to 30000 100 kilowatt-hour electric vehicles).
Automobile enterprises: Volkswagen, Porsche
Battery manufacturer: Quantum Scape
On September 27th, 2022, Quantum Scape disclosed its latest test data of solid state batteries in the shareholder's letter: it had recently produced 24 layers of solid state batteries and started the performance test. From the test results, its capacity retention rate remained at a high level after the cycle of 100cls. This product will be used as a candidate product for sample A of the automobile company.
According to the plan of Quantum Scape, the all-solid-state battery will be delivered to relevant customers this year for relevant verification. Loading verification will be started in 2023, and commercial application will be conducted from 2024 to 2025.
In addition to Volkswagen, Quantum Scape said that it has three other car manufacturer partners and has signed the battery test. So far, the names of these automakers have not been announced.
QuantumScape completed the cycle of 800 weeks for single-layer batteries in December 2020, 800 weeks for four-layer batteries in August 2021, 800 weeks for 10-layer all-solid-state batteries in November 2021, and more than 500 weeks for 16-layer batteries on April 26, 2022, nearly 600 weeks.
Porsche is cooperating with Quantumscape, an American solid state battery company, to integrate its solid state battery into future Porsche electric vehicles, such as the electric 911.
Automobile enterprises: BMW, Ford
Battery manufacturer: SolidPower
SolidPower, the developer of all-solid-state batteries for electric vehicles, announced that it had completed the installation of the automated pilot production line. The test line is designed to produce EV-grade sulfur-based solid state battery, which has silicon-rich anode (active silicon content exceeds 50%) and can achieve high energy density.
The output of the test line is about 300 cells per week, or about 15000 cells per year, which is enough to build multiple test battery packs. Initially, the test line will produce batteries for internal testing, and then deliver the batteries to the automotive partners of SolidPower, including BMW and Ford. It is expected that these partners will start loading tests at the end of this year.
According to the product development cycle disclosed by SolidPower, an important task from 2022 to 2023 is to complete the A-Sample concept verification of 100Ah silicon negative solid state battery.
Both BMW and Ford have deep cooperation with SolidPower through investment. BMW plans to launch solid-state battery prototype vehicles by 2025 and use them in mass production vehicles by 2030. Ford not only increased its investment in SolidPower, but also its joint venture partner SKI invested $30 million in SolidPower to obtain the right to use the sulfide solid electrolyte, patented battery design and production process of the start-up company.
SolidPower has two important product lines: sulfide solid electrolyte and soft pack solid battery. The former has potential customers including SKI, Toyota, Hyundai, LG, Panasonic and Samsung, while the latter has potential customers such as Ford, BMW, SKI and other OEMs and Tier1.
Automobile enterprises: GM, Honda, Hyundai Kia
Battery manufacturer: SES
SES hybrid liquid lithium metal battery is a semi-solid battery, which uses lithium metal as the negative electrode to improve the energy density, and can reuse the mature production and manufacturing process of liquid lithium battery.
In 2021, SES unveiled the first vehicle-level lithium metal battery. According to the preliminary test data, its capacity reached 107Ah, energy density was 417Wh/kg, 935Wh/L, and weight was less than 1kg. It is said that this is the first lithium metal battery with more than 100Ah in the world and the largest lithium metal battery in the world.
SES claims that the developed hybrid lithium metal battery has three major advantages: first, the material innovation of lithium metal anode enables the energy density of the battery to reach 400~500Wh/kg; The second is the electrolyte, which hopes to fundamentally change the growth mode of lithium dendrite and improve the safety of the battery; The third is the algorithm, which uses artificial intelligence to monitor the health status of the cell in the whole production and operation process, and builds a model through a large number of detailed data to accurately predict the risk.
At present, SES has started the production and testing of the first lithium metal battery A sample, which is planned to be formally mass produced in 2025. SES and GM, Hyundai Kia, Honda and other main engine manufacturers have signed a joint development agreement on A-sample (A sample) to verify 107Ah (energy density 417Wh/kg, 935Wh/L) semi-solid battery.
SES is building a lithium metal battery factory with a capacity of 1GWh in Shanghai, and plans to build a second lithium metal battery production base in South Korea.
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