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Design method of nickel hydrogen battery

The designer of NiMH battery can design with clear design task and sufficient preparation. According to the needs of NiMH battery users, there are two ways to design the battery: one is to supply rated capacity power for electrical equipment and instruments; The other only gives the external size of the power supply, and develops a new specification battery or special-shaped battery with good performance.

Design steps of NiMH battery:

(1) Determine the number of single cells and the working current density in the Ni-MH battery packaging.

A. According to the user's requirements, determine the total working voltage, working current and other indicators of the NiMH battery, select the battery series, and refer to the volt-ampere curve of the series.

(experimental data or obtained through experiments) to determine the working voltage and current density of a single battery.

B. Determine the number of individual batteries in the battery pack. Number of single battery=total working voltage of yellow battery/single battery voltage

(2) Calculate the capacity of NiMH battery

A. Calculate the rated capacity according to the required working current and working time.

Rated capacity=working current× working hours

Determine the design capability.

Design capacity=rated capacity× Design factor

The design factor is set to ensure the reliability and service life of the battery, generally 1.1~1.2.

(3) Calculate the active substance content of Ni-MH battery

A. Control the amount of electrode active substances.

Control electrode single-cell active material consumption=design capacity× Electrochemical equivalence/utilization

B. Uncontrolled electrode active material content.

Effective material consumption of uncontrolled electrode in a single battery=design capacity× Electrochemical equivalent× Excess factor/utilization

The excess coefficient is generally between 1 and 2, such as 1.3 and 1.7 for mi-ni batteries.

(4) Electrode plate design (determine the total electrode area, number of electrodes, mass of single electrode, and thickness of single electrode).

A. Calculate the total area of the electrode (according to the control electrode) according to the working current and the selected working current density.

Total electrode area=working current/working current density

B. Select the appropriate electrode size according to the maximum size of the battery and calculate the number of electrodes.

Number of electrodes=total electrode area/plate area

C. Calculate the active substance content of a single electrode according to the active substance content and the number of electrodes of the positive and negative electrodes of a single battery.

Amount of single positive (negative) electrode material=amount of positive and negative electrode materials in a single battery/number of positive (negative) electrode pieces

D. Determine the thickness of a single electrode

Network thickness of positive and negative service substance concentration at each dose

Average thickness of positive (negative) electrode plate=material consumption of positive (negative) electrode plate/(material density× electrode area× (1-porosity))+thickness of collector net

In the formula, the thickness of collector net=net weight/(mass density× net area)

(5) Selection of battery diaphragm material and determination of thickness and number of layers

According to the battery series and design requirements, select the appropriate battery diaphragm material and thickness, and determine the required number of diaphragm layers according to the specific design.

(6) Determine the concentration and dosage of electrolyte

According to the characteristics of the selected battery series, the concentration and dosage of the electrolyte can be determined according to the specific battery design requirements and use conditions (such as working current, working temperature, cycle performance, etc.) or relevant empirical data.

The smaller the amount of electrolyte, the better it is to ensure that the battery does not leak.

(7) Determine the tightness of the battery and the size of the single battery

The tightness can be calculated by the following formula

Total thickness of elastic rod+total thickness of diaphragm× 100%

Inside diameter of battery

For cylindrical cells, cross sectional area is also used

The total length of the air-tight pole piece, the thickness of the pole piece+the total length of the diaphragm, the thickness of the diaphragm is 100%

Cross sectional area of battery

The cross-sectional area of the battery is equal to T times d2

D is the inner diameter of the battery. The tightness of the battery is determined according to the battery characteristics of the selected series and the electrode thickness of the designed battery.

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