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Design requirements and types of shell materials for lithium iron phosphate battery packs. For the case of lithium iron phosphate battery pack, it can be divided into three categories: steel shell lithium ion battery, aluminum shell lithium ion battery and soft shell lithium ion battery. The internal components of the three kinds of power lithium-ion batteries have little difference. They are all lithium-ion batteries. The core difference is that the cylindrical and square batteries mainly use metal materials as the shell, while the soft-packed lithium-ion batteries use aluminum-plastic film as the packaging shell.

Design requirements for shell materials of lithium iron phosphate battery

The shell design of lithium iron phosphate battery pack can be divided into: PVC heat seal, plastic, metal

PVC heat seal: The detailed outer shell packaging form of the lithium-ion battery pack depends on the customer's detailed product requirements. The packaging form of PVC heat seal is generally applicable to the case where the number of cells in series is not large and the overall weight is light (≤ 2kg). However, for lithium iron phosphate battery packs with an overall weight of ≥ 1kg, a fixed bracket should be added between the cells, and a glass fiber board should be added to the periphery for protection before PVC heat sealing.

Plastic: plastic shell is used. The important thing is that after different lithium iron phosphate battery packs are finalized, the shell involved may have to be molded. The cost of the mold is not small. If the product is not finalized in the early stage of development, the hand shell can be used for proofing. Different requirements on the material and process of the shell will also affect the cost.

Metal: metal shell is also the same as plastic shell. Before the product is finalized or the quantity demand is not large, it is proposed to use sheet metal sample preparation. This is important because the sample preparation delivery time is short. If the batch is large, it is also proposed to open the mold. For the metal shell with waterproof grade requirements, it will also greatly affect the cost, and for the special materials and metal shell requirements, the cost will be higher.

The cost of lithium-ion battery pack is mainly composed of cell, PCM and structural parts, plus the company's PACK cost, aging cost, management cost, etc. At the same time, the price of lithium-ion batteries will vary greatly due to the different requirements of product technology, purchase amount and defect rate!

Type of shell material for lithium iron phosphate battery

The commonly used materials for lithium-ion battery shell are generally divided into three types: plastic, steel shell and aluminum shell, of which the battery shell processed from aluminum is the best. Lithium-ion battery shell design can be divided into PVC heat seal, plastic and metal. The most popular battery shell on the market today is aluminum alloy shell, which is also one of the metal types. Aluminum alloy has low density, but high strength, close to or better than high-quality steel, and good plasticity. The shell of lithium-ion battery pack mainly includes three types: steel shell, aluminum shell and soft shell:

1、 Steel shell

In the early stage, most of the square lithium-ion batteries were steel shells, which were mostly used for mobile phone batteries. Later, due to the low weight to energy ratio of steel shells and poor safety, they were gradually replaced by aluminum shells and flexible packaging lithium-ion batteries.

However, there is another scene among the columnar lithium-ion batteries. Most manufacturers use steel as the battery shell material, because the physical stability and pressure resistance of the steel material are far higher than that of the aluminum shell material. After the optimization of the design structure of each manufacturer, the safety device has been placed inside the battery core, and the safety of the steel shell columnar battery has reached a new level, At present, most of the battery cells of notebook computers use steel shells as carriers.

2、 Aluminum shell

Aluminum shell is a kind of battery shell made of aluminum alloy material, which is mainly used in square lithium-ion batteries. The reason why lithium batteries are packaged with aluminum shell is that it is lighter and safer than steel shell. The aluminum shell is designed with square corners and round corners. The aluminum shell is generally made of aluminum-manganese alloy. It contains important alloy components such as Mn, Cu, Mg, Si, Fe, etc. These five alloys play different roles in the aluminum shell of lithium ion battery. For example, Cu and Mg can improve strength and hardness, Mn can improve corrosion resistance, Si can strengthen the heat treatment effect of magnesium aluminum alloy, and Fe can improve the high temperature strength.

The construction of aluminum shell alloy material has significant safety performance considerations, which can be expressed by material thickness and bulging coefficient. The reason why the lithium iron phosphate battery with the same capacity is lighter than the steel shell is that the aluminum shell can be made thinner.

3、 Flexible packaging lithium ion battery

Flexible packaging lithium-ion batteries have gradually expanded their market share due to their advantages of light weight, low mold opening cost and high safety. It is mainly used in digital products, and is also gradually developing into mobile phones, laptops, power tools and other markets. It can be predicted that the market share of flexible packaging lithium-ion batteries will continue to expand steadily in the next few years, and the scope of use will be more extensive. Due to the aluminum plastic film outsourcing, the pressure resistance is very weak, and the proportion of inflation is still relatively high due to the current technical and environmental restrictions of domestic packaging plants.

On the premise that domestic policies are highly inclined to energy density and range, the high energy density and low weight of the soft pack battery are its biggest advantages, which are enough to make manufacturers and suppliers tend to choose it. However, the consistency of its single battery needs to be improved. In addition, the industry standard similar to cylindrical battery needs to be continuously improved. The improvement of core technology is also the key to influence whether the soft pack battery can become the mainstream in the future.

What should be paid attention to in the design of lithium-ion battery pack housing?

1. Pole plate connection: It is proposed to use ultrasonic or spot welding method. The shell design of lithium iron phosphate battery should make the pole plate free from external force.

2. The soldering time shall not exceed 3 seconds, and the times shall not exceed 5 times. The next soldering can only be carried out after the electrode plate is cooled.

3. It is strictly forbidden to heat the cell directly, and the cell will be damaged if the temperature is higher than 100 ℃.

4. Fixation of lithium-ion battery: the largest side of the battery shall be fixed on the shell, and the battery shall not be loose after installation.

5. Toughness of shell: The shell of lithium-ion battery pack shall have sufficient mechanical strength to prevent the battery from mechanical impact.

6. The temperature of ferrochrome welding must be controllable and anti-static, and the temperature should not exceed 350 ℃.

The lithium ion battery shell is a kind of protective shell to protect the cell and internal circuit. The lithium iron phosphate battery pack shell is very important for the battery. Therefore, the design of the lithium ion battery shell is also very important for the battery. We must master the good method in the design.

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