-Becoming the main factor hindering technological breakthrough - battery?

Becoming the main factor hindering technological breakthrough - battery?
author:enerbyte source:本站 click538 Release date: 2023-02-08 13:27:20
abstract:
Nowadays, many of the electronic devices we use daily rely on batteries, whether they are smart phones, laptops, electric cars or other devices. We live in an era of explosive growth in technological innovation, but many new technologies still rely on the same energy storage methods.Although battery...

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Nowadays, many of the electronic devices we use daily rely on batteries, whether they are smart phones, laptops, electric cars or other devices. We live in an era of explosive growth in technological innovation, but many new technologies still rely on the same energy storage methods.

Although battery technology is gradually developing, it has not changed much in the past decade. A lot of resources have been invested in the improvement of environmental efficiency, as well as the small optimization of storage and performance, but the basic working principle of the battery is no different.

This stagnation in the battery field is restricting the development of some technologies. So why is the development of battery technology itself difficult now, and what does it mean for other technologies?

First of all, we should look at the source of the battery problem. Throughout the 1990s, nickel-cadmium battery was the dominant battery, but the lithium-ion battery that came out later quickly took its place. The energy density of lithium-ion battery is more than twice the standard nickel cadmium equivalent, and it is possible to obtain higher energy density. Its working behavior is similar, and it can be run on a single unit rather than the entire series. It has low maintenance cost and lower self-discharge power.

Although there are some shortcomings - such as its fragility and the need to protect the circuit - lithium-ion batteries are very efficient, and some people even call them "ideal" batteries.

In the era of Moore's Law, it seems strange to think that there are fundamental limitations to any technological development. But the battery function is a little different, because there are many variables to be considered. It seems that the increase of any area will lead to the decrease of another area.

For example, you can make batteries with higher power (watts) or higher energy level (watt-hours), but you cannot do both on the same battery. Supercapacitors perfectly illustrate this point: they can release a lot of energy, but they can only last for a few seconds at a time. As a result, many iterative progress only advances at a single level, without bringing about overall technological progress.

This is not the only problem for the development of new battery technology. It also faces the following challenges:

1. Select

In addition to lithium-ion batteries, there are dozens of possible development directions in the research field, including hydrogen fuel cells that can provide clean energy, only drain water, and bioelectrochemical cells that use bacteria to accelerate chemical reactions.

The problem is that with so many choices, it is difficult to tell which directions have real potential to become long-term alternatives, and which are just detours. Therefore, researchers are unwilling to put all eggs in one basket.

Another problem is that the cost of developing next-generation batteries is too high. According to Lux Research, in eight years, the initial investment of ordinary battery startups has attracted only $40 million.

This does not seem to be a small amount, but most technologies need hundreds of millions of dollars to get a good start, and may need billions of dollars to carry out comprehensive development. However, most investors are unwilling to invest this money in a technology with little chance of success.

2. Scale

In addition, it is also a difficult problem to transform technology from laboratory development to full commercial use. The promising new battery technology usually looks good at the micro level. For example, you may notice the storage potential of new chemical materials only under laboratory conditions.

However, when you develop a larger type of battery, there may be problems, such as the chemical process may not be effectively developed, or the conditions (such as temperature or long-term use) may not be suitable for commercial use. This may scare away potential researchers and investors.

3. Test, reliability and safety

The recent ignition of lithium-ion batteries shows how limited our understanding of battery safety consequences is. Any new battery technology needs to implement higher standards than our existing technology, which means that the already long development cycle now requires additional years of research and testing.

Because of this, any new battery technology will take several years or even decades to fully develop. Even so, the safety of new technology application cannot be guaranteed.

So what impact does this battery stagnation have on other emerging technologies?

Renewable energy

Solar power generation is clean and renewable, and the production cost is becoming lower and lower. The problem is that light does not always exist. Cloudy weather and night are problems, unless you have an effective way to store the extra energy generated during the day. Without efficient battery storage, solar energy is still expensive. It is not only not suitable for many applications, but also can never be a complete substitute for our current energy demand.

mobile phone

The power consumption of smart phones is very high, and they have to be charged every day. The current life of mobile phone batteries is only a few years, because lithium-ion batteries can be recharged for a limited number of times. If there is no new battery to extend the service life, the development cycle of the mobile phone will be faster, and the processing capacity may make the battery problem more serious (because higher performance will further increase power consumption).

electric vehicle

The environmental protection of electric vehicles is much higher than that of fuel vehicles, but even the best models need regular charging - which is very annoying and costly for consumers. Better batteries can store more power, thus increasing driving speed and range. But at present, there are only some minor improvements in this aspect of electric vehicles.

present situation

At present, most battery manufacturers, battery startups and other scientific and technological institutions will continue to focus on the iterative improvement of standard lithium-ion batteries. This is not the best solution in the long run, but it is one of the safest solutions - although the improvement effect is not great, it is very stable.

Before enough investors begin to focus on projects with high risks and invest in technologies with revolutionary potential, we can only see the development of battery technology.

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