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Common terms for lithium-ion batteries

1. Battery capacity (mAh): The capacity of a battery, usually calculated in AH (ampere hour), is accurate to mAH (milliampere hour) in model aircraft because the capacity is usually small. The correct expression for mah is mA/H. M represents the unit of milliampere, A represents the unit of current in ampere, and H represents the unit of time in hour. For example, 2200mah represents that the battery can discharge at a constant current of 2200mAh for 1 hour, and the amount of electricity released is the capacity of the battery.

2. Discharge rate (c number): In addition to capacity, the discharge rate, also known as the C number, is more important for batteries! 1C represents twice the discharge current. For example, for a 2200mah battery with 1C current=2.2A, then 30C is 2.2A× 30C=66A. This is the maximum output current of the battery.

3. Section (S): The voltage of a lithium-ion battery cell is 3.7V. We use CELL to refer to a single cell, or S to express it. To obtain a higher voltage, multiple cells need to be stacked in series, such as 2S (3.7+3.7=7.4V), 3S (11.1V)&hellip& hellip; And so on

Explanation of battery charging terms

Charging rate (C-rate)

C is the first letter of Capacity, used to represent the magnitude of the current during battery charging and discharging.

For example, when the rated capacity of a rechargeable battery is 1100mAh, it means that the discharge time can last for 1 hour at 1100mAh (1C). If the discharge time can last for 5 hours at 200mA (0.2C), charging can also be calculated based on this comparison.

Cut off discharge voltage

When the battery is discharged, the voltage drops to the minimum operating voltage value at which the battery is no longer suitable for further discharge.

According to different battery types and discharge conditions, the requirements for battery capacity and lifespan are also different, so the specified termination voltage for battery discharge is also different.

Open circuit voltage (OCV)

When the battery is not discharged, the potential difference between the two poles of the battery is called the open circuit voltage.

The open circuit voltage of a battery varies depending on the materials of the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte. If the materials of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are exactly the same, the open circuit voltage will remain the same regardless of the size or geometric structure of the battery.

Depth of Discharge (Depth of Discharge)

The percentage of the capacity released by a battery to its rated capacity during use is called the depth of discharge.

The depth of discharge is closely related to the charging life of secondary batteries. The deeper the discharge depth of secondary batteries, the shorter their charging life. Therefore, deep discharge should be avoided as much as possible during use.

Overdischarge

If the battery exceeds the termination voltage during discharge and continues to discharge, it may cause an increase in internal pressure, damage the reversibility of the positive and negative active materials, and significantly reduce the capacity of the battery.

Overcharge

When charging a battery, if it continues to charge after reaching a fully charged state, it may cause an increase in internal pressure, deformation, and leakage of the battery. The performance of the battery will also be significantly reduced and damaged.

Energy density

The average amount of electrical energy released per unit volume or mass of a battery.

Generally, under the same volume, the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is 2.5 times that of nickel cadmium batteries and 1.8 times that of nickel hydrogen batteries. Therefore, when the battery capacity is equal, lithium-ion batteries will have a smaller volume and lighter weight than nickel cadmium and nickel hydrogen batteries.

Self discharge

Regardless of whether the battery is in use or not, it can cause power loss due to various reasons.

If calculated on a monthly basis, the self discharge of lithium-ion batteries is about 1% -2%, and the self discharge of nickel hydrogen batteries is about 3% -5%.

Cycle life of charging (Cyclelife)

Under repeated charging and discharging, the capacity of rechargeable batteries gradually decreases to 60% -80% of their initial capacity.

Memory effect

During the process of battery charging and discharging, many small bubbles will appear on the battery plates. Over time, these bubbles will reduce the area of the battery plates and indirectly affect the capacity of the battery.

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