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1. In the collection of positive and negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries
The important positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries now include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium iron phosphate. The negative electrode materials are basically graphite, lithium titanate, and other materials. With the development of new energy vehicles, lithium-ion batteries can be described as a "big red". This has led to an exponential increase in global demand for lithium cobalt minerals. As the world competes to replace fossil fuels with clean energy, the environmental impact of extracting battery components such as lithium and cobalt has become a serious issue.
In May 2016, hundreds of protesters threw dead fish salvaged from inland waters onto local streets. The toxic chemical leakage from the local lithium mine has caused serious damage to the ecosystem.
From the photo, there are a large number of dead fish floating on the river. Some witnesses reported seeing livestock die from drinking contaminated water and their bodies floating downstream. With the rapid increase in local mining activities, the environment is constantly deteriorating.
Image: Atacama Plateau in Bolivia. Workers are drilling holes on the surface of the world's largest saline alkali land. Their goal is to search for places with high lithium content in saltwater rich in magnesium and potassium. Since the 21st century, the majority of lithium in the world has been extracted through this method, rather than using mineral resources.
AMS believes that regardless of the type of energy fuel, once mining is involved, it will undoubtedly cause pollution to the environment. In recent years, with the increasing trend of environmental issues becoming more common in daily life, it has been forced to think of alternative methods regarding materials. The artificial manufacturing of positive and negative electrode materials is gradually being applied to lithium-ion batteries, rather than simply collecting and extracting the required elements from ores, greatly reducing environmental pollution. I believe that with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, these problems will be solved one by one.
2. Compared to traditional energy sources, lithium-ion batteries have more advantages
From the development of new energy vehicles, lithium-ion batteries are more environmentally friendly, and the development of automotive fuels goes hand in hand with energy development. In the era of oil, cars used gasoline and diesel as power fuels, which not only caused air pollution in cities, but also led to an increase in fuel prices due to the shortage of oil supply, resulting in the emergence of gas and biofuel vehicles as alternative fuels. The development of energy is gradually transitioning towards renewable energy, with the emergence of electric vehicles that use solar and wind energy to generate electricity, and ultimately new energy vehicles that rely on power lithium batteries as important energy storage.
Among the new energy vehicles we currently see, pure electric vehicles occupy a large share, and they can achieve zero emissions and no pollution during operation. Even if the energy consumed during charging is converted into pollution emissions from power plants, the environmental pollution caused by it is far less than that of fuel vehicles, because the energy efficiency conversion of power plants is higher, and we achieve a thermal efficiency of less than 40% for internal combustion engines. Centralized emissions from power plants are also easy to manage and install environmental protection equipment.
3. Whether lithium-ion batteries are environmentally friendly and recyclable is a key focus
The domestic battery recycling industry has just begun, with a corresponding recycling rate of only 2%, which is difficult to meet environmental standards. So, what difficulties have the industry encountered in battery recycling?
Firstly, the dismantling process of used car power lithium batteries is complex and poses safety hazards;
Secondly, the product consistency is poor and the remaining lifespan and battery status cannot be systematically evaluated; Many problems such as immature system integration technology and poor economic efficiency of recycling and utilization need to be solved together from top to bottom. And it is necessary to achieve clear rewards and punishments. Moreover, the editor believes that it is necessary to provide certain preferential policies to the responsible companies.
At present, according to the degree of scrap, the recycling of power lithium batteries can be divided into hierarchical utilization and regeneration utilization. Tiered utilization belongs to mild scrap and can be applied to energy storage equipment and low-speed electric vehicles for secondary utilization; Recycling belongs to severe scrap, and precious metal electrode materials such as lithium and cobalt are extracted through chemical methods to achieve the purpose of material remanufacturing.
From the comprehensive analysis of factors such as the physical and chemical properties of the battery itself and the price of rare elements, the industry generally believes that lithium iron phosphate batteries are more suitable for cascading utilization, while ternary lithium-ion batteries are suitable for direct recycling.
However, whether it is hierarchical utilization or recycling, the early stage of power lithium battery recycling still faces problems such as immature business models, lack of sufficient and effective channels for collecting waste batteries, mismatched battery disassembly/dismantling, and difficulty in predicting remaining life.
Therefore, the recycling and reuse of lithium-ion batteries is undoubtedly the top priority of environmental protection issues. Whether it is from material collection or related to traditional fuels, the development and environmental advantages of lithium-ion batteries are gradually emerging. Lithium ion batteries will become the mainstream trend in power storage.
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