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Cylindrical lithium-ion batteries are divided into different systems such as lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, cobalt manganese hybrid, and ternary materials. The outer shell is divided into two types: steel shell and polymer. Different material systems have different advantages for batteries. At present, steel shell cylindrical lithium iron phosphate batteries are the main type of cylindrical batteries, which exhibit high capacity, high output voltage, good charge discharge cycle performance, stable output voltage, high current discharge, stable electrochemical performance, safe use, wide operating temperature range, and environmental friendliness. Widely used in solar lamps, lawn lamps, backup energy, power tools, and toy models.
A typical cylindrical battery structure includes: positive electrode cover, safety valve, PTC element, current cutoff mechanism, gasket, positive electrode, negative electrode, isolation film, and housing.
Square lithium-ion batteries usually refer to aluminum or steel shell square batteries. The popularity of square batteries is very high in China. With the rise of automotive power lithium batteries in recent years, the contradiction between car range and battery capacity has become increasingly prominent. Domestic power lithium battery manufacturers mainly use aluminum shell square batteries with higher energy density because the structure of square batteries is relatively simple. Unlike cylindrical batteries, which use high-strength stainless steel as the shell and accessories with explosion-proof safety valves, the overall accessory weight is light and the relative energy density is high. Square batteries use two different processes: winding and stacking.
However, due to the customized production of square lithium-ion batteries based on product size, there are thousands of models on the market, and precisely because there are too many models, it is difficult to unify the process. There is no problem using square batteries on ordinary electronic products, but for industrial equipment products that require multiple series or parallel connections, it is best to use standardized cylindrical lithium-ion batteries. This ensures the production process and makes it easier to find replaceable batteries in the future.
1. Battery shape: Square lithium-ion batteries can be of any size, so they cannot be compared to cylindrical batteries.
2. Rate characteristics: Due to the process limitations of welding multipole ears in cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, the rate characteristics are slightly worse than those in square batteries. The same positive electrode material, negative electrode material, and electrolyte are used, so theoretically the discharge platform is the same. However, the square battery has a slightly higher internal resistance, so the discharge platform is slightly higher.
3. Product quality: The cylindrical lithium-ion battery technology is very mature, with a low probability of secondary slitting defects in the electrode plate. In addition, the winding process is more mature and automated than the stacking process. Currently, the stacking process is still using a semi manual method, which has a negative impact on the quality of the battery.
4. Ear welding: Cylindrical lithium-ion batteries have easier ear welding than square lithium-ion batteries, and square batteries are prone to virtual welding, which affects battery quality.
5. PACK grouping: Cylindrical batteries are relatively easier to use, so the PACK method is simple and has good heat dissipation effect. When packing square batteries, it is necessary to solve the problem of heat dissipation.
Structural characteristics: The chemical activity energy at the corners of square lithium-ion batteries is poor, and the performance of the battery deteriorates significantly after long-term use. Cylindrical and square batteries each have their own advantages and disadvantages, and each type of battery has its own dominant field. For example, square batteries contain more lithium iron phosphate. With the introduction of new subsidy policies for new energy vehicles, the system energy density of batteries has become an important assessment indicator.
In short, both cylindrical lithium-ion batteries and square lithium-ion batteries are able to develop rapidly because they have been well applied in their respective fields of expertise.

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