-Charging method for 12V battery

Charging method for 12V battery
author:enerbyte source:本站 click18 Release date: 2024-12-13 09:58:19
abstract:
When charging a battery, you should charge it according to the charging current recommended by the battery manufacturer. You can choose a charging current that is one-tenth of the battery capacity (which is called fast charging for the battery), or you can also choose a charging current that is one-...

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When charging a battery, you should charge it according to the charging current recommended by the battery manufacturer. You can choose a charging current that is one-tenth of the battery capacity (which is called fast charging for the battery), or you can also choose a charging current that is one-twentieth of the battery capacity (which is called slow charging for the battery).


If the charging current for the battery is too large, it is easy to cause the battery liquid to boil, which is not good for the battery and will affect its lifespan. It is better to charge the battery with a small current for a long time (i.e., slow charging). Conventionally, it is advisable to charge with a current that is one-twentieth of the battery capacity, and the charging time is preferably around 24 hours.


It depends on the ampere-hour (Ah) rating of your battery. If it is 45Ah - 50Ah, it is recommended to charge it with a current of 5A for 8 - 10 hours. I often help others charge their batteries.


When the battery is completely discharged, generally the charging time will be around 8 - 10 hours. Do not exceed 12 hours (as it will affect the battery's lifespan). It is not recommended to use up all the power each time. Generally, it is recommended to charge the battery when the power consumption is around 70%. At this time, the charging time is usually 6 - 8 hours.


If the daily power consumption is 10%, you can charge the battery once a week. When the daily power consumption is 20%, you can charge it once every three days. When the daily power consumption is 30%, you can charge it once every two days. When the daily power consumption is above 40%, you can charge it once a day. Control the charging time, usually around 6 hours.


Lead-acid batteries have no memory effect. Generally, it is recommended to charge the battery pack when the remaining capacity is 30% - 40%, which is the best time for charging.


A 12V battery should be a lead-acid battery.


The charging time is directly related to the current of your charger. Generally, it equals capacity / charger output current * 1.3.


If it is a lead-acid battery, it is not very resistant to overcharging. So don't charge it for too long. If the charging time is too long, you can hear the sound of bubbles, and the electrolyte will be consumed quickly.


A 12V 100AH battery can be fully charged in about 10 hours when charged with a current of 10A.


The capacity of a battery represents the amount of electricity it can store, which is expressed as the product of the discharge current and the discharge time. The discharge time refers to the time from when the battery is fully charged to when it is discharged to 10.50V. When charging a battery, it is generally appropriate to set the charging current as one-tenth of the battery capacity.


1/10C - 1/5C, that is, 10A - 20A, within 10 - 5 hours. It is best to charge with 10A. When charging, you should pay attention to observing the charging current and charging voltage. The power supply should have L, N, PE, and there should be a leakage protector. Ensure good ventilation, keep the battery from overheating, keep it away from flammable materials, and make sure the charger is standardized and qualified.


For example, for charging a 12V 60Ah battery: Use the constant voltage and current limiting method for charging. Charge with a constant voltage of 14.8V and a current limit of 15A for 16 hours, and then charge with a constant current of 3A for 4 hours, for a total of 20 hours.


The following phenomena can be used to judge whether a battery is fully charged:


  1. A large number of bubbles are generated inside the storage battery, that is, the "boiling" phenomenon appears;

  2. The terminal voltage rises to the maximum value and does not rise again within two hours;

  3. The electrolyte rises to the highest level and does not rise again within two hours.
    Or observe the charge indicator. The fully charged state can be determined by the green color of the charge indicator.


Firstly, it depends on the ampere-hour rating of your battery. You need to let me know this. Make sure to set it to charge at 12V. 0 - 12 refers to the speed and intensity of charging. This should be determined according to the size of your battery. Normally, it is at the 7 - 8 gear. Also, is your charger 30A or 50A?


The time required for battery charging is determined by the capacity, not the voltage.


The charging current is generally selected as 10% of the capacity, that is, the 10-hour rate. The maximum current should not be greater than 30% of the rated capacity value. If the charging current is too large, the storage battery is prone to overheating, causing the battery plates to bend, fall off, break, short circuit, and even lead to accidents such as explosion and combustion.


Charging time (hours) = Charging battery capacity (Ah) / Charging current (A) * 1.5 coefficient.
For example: Suppose the battery is 30AH, then: 30 / 3 * 1.5 = 15 (hours).


Generally, there are six methods to prevent the battery from being overcharged: 1. Peak voltage control: Judge the end of charging by detecting the peak voltage of the battery; 2. dT/dt control: Judge the end of charging by detecting the rate of change of the peak temperature of the battery; 3. T control: When the battery is fully charged, the difference between the battery temperature and the ambient temperature will reach the maximum; 4. -V control: After the battery is fully charged and reaches a peak voltage, the voltage will drop by a certain value; 5. Timing control: Control the end of charging by setting a certain charging time. Generally, set the time required to charge at least 130% of the nominal capacity to control; 6. TCO control: Considering the safety and characteristics of the battery, high-temperature charging (except for high-temperature batteries) should be avoided. Therefore, when the battery temperature rises by 60 degrees, charging should be stopped. As ordinary users, we don't need to be so complicated. Here is a method for you. First, look at the capacity of your rechargeable battery (for example, 1800mAh), and then look at the charging current of your charger (for example, 180mA. You can also measure it by yourself. It should be noted that you must measure the charging current, not the short-circuit current). Then (1800 / 180) * 130% = 13 hours. Of course, this is the minimum charging time. Generally, considering the charging efficiency problem (the charging efficiency is affected by the charging rate and the ambient temperature. During charging, the charging current must be within a certain range. If the current is too small or too large, the charging efficiency will be very low. Due to the self-discharge of the battery, the battery cannot be fully charged.), generally we need to multiply by 140% to 150%, that is, 14 - 15 hours. So, if my battery capacity is 2100mAh and the charging current of the charger is 150mA, how many hours do I need to charge? Calculate it by yourself? (2100 / 150) * 140% = 19.6 hours. So, it is about 19 - 20 hours. Generally, charging the battery with a current that is 10% of the battery capacity is the best for the battery. However, due to the long charging time, a fast charging method is also commonly used, that is, charging the battery with 30% of the battery capacity. The calculation formula is: (1800 / 540) * 130% = 4.3 hours. It should be noted that in this case, generally 140% or 150% is not used, because in this case, charging for one more hour means charging three more hours than usual. Moreover, this charging method will shorten the lifespan of the rechargeable battery by nearly 50%. There is an exception. For example, the fast charging of a certain brand is usually sold together with the battery. Because the chemical composition inside this kind of battery is different from that of ordinary rechargeable batteries and is specially designed, it can allow charging with a large current for a short time. The charging time is generally within 4 hours. However, it does not mean that all rechargeable batteries can be quickly charged with this kind of charger. Even different types of the same brand are not allowed!! Otherwise, it will seriously shorten the battery lifespan at best, or cause the battery to explode at worst. You can imagine what the consequence would be if an old nickel-cadmium battery with 800mAh is charged with a current that is 4 times the 180mA, that is, charged with a current of 720mA. So, everyone must pay attention to the charging current of their charger.


12V Storage Battery Charging Operating Procedures


  1. Preparations before charging:
    1.1. Starting storage batteries sometimes become undercharged due to a large amount of discharge or long-term storage. Therefore, the batteries should be regularly removed from the equipment and given supplementary charging in the charging room. Supplementary charging is generally carried out once a month to improve their reliability in use and extend their service life. It is best to conduct a supplementary charge when entering winter.
    1.2. Before charging, use a multimeter to measure the voltage of the battery and record it so that the charging plan can be determined according to the undercharged situation of each battery.
    1.3. Check whether the AC power supply meets the usage requirements. The power supply should be 220V, 50Hz alternating current.
    1.4. Connect the storage battery first. Connect the "+" pole of the charger to the "+" pole of the storage battery, and connect the "-" pole of the charger to the "-" pole terminal of the storage battery. Pay attention to preventing load short circuits.
    1.5. Select the charging voltage. If the charging battery is 12V, the voltage selection gear should be rotated to the 12V gear. If the charging battery is 24V, the voltage selection gear should be rotated to the 24V gear. Do not make a wrong selection, otherwise the charger or the storage battery will be damaged.

  2. Charging operations:
    2.1. Initial charging and supplementary charging usually adopt constant current charging (Constant current charging is to charge the battery with a certain unchanged current during a certain period of time. Its advantage is that the charging is relatively complete, but in the later stage, almost all the current is consumed in the decomposition of water and the generation of heat). The supplementary charging current is 0.1C20A (for example, for a 60Ah storage battery, use 6A). The charging time is 3 - 5 hours, or the charging time can be determined according to the length of storage time.
    2.2. Maintenance charging usually adopts constant voltage charging (Constant voltage charging is to charge the battery with a certain unchanged voltage all the time. Its advantage is that very little gas is generated and the water consumption is small, but there is the disadvantage of incomplete charging. The monomer voltage is usually set at 2.3 - 2.4V (for 12V batteries, it is 13.8 - 14.4V, and for 6V batteries, it is 6.9 - 7.2V) until the battery is fully charged).
    2.3. Adjust the current selection gear of the charger to the lowest gear.
    2.4. Make sure that the red and black clips are not in contact before turning on the power, otherwise a short circuit will occur and damage the machine.
    2.5. Charging adopts the two-step charging method:
    2.5.1. That is, in the first step, charge with 0.1C20A until the voltage of a 12V battery reaches 13.8 - 14.4V and the voltage of a 6V battery reaches 6.9 - 7.2V. Then switch to the second step of charging. In the second step, charge with 0.05C20A until the end of charging.
    2.5.2. Connect the 220V power supply and adjust the charging current gear by gear until the maximum charging current of 0.1C20A is reached for the first step of charging. That is, for a 12V, 54Ah battery, the charging current is 0.1 x 54 = 5.4A. For a 12V, 150Ah battery, the charging current is 0.1 x 150 = 15A.
    2.5.3. When the battery voltage reaches 13.8 - 14.4V, switch to the second step of charging. The maximum current for the second step of charging is 0.05C20A. That is, for a 12V, 54Ah battery, the charging current is 0.05 x 54 = 2.7A. For a 12V, 150Ah battery, the charging current is 0.05 x 150 = 7.5A.
    2.5.4. After the battery is fully charged, finally conduct an equalizing charge on the battery to ensure the balance of each cell. The method is: Charge the fully charged battery with a current of 0.035C20A (that is, for a 12V, 54Ah battery, the charging current is 0.035 x 54 = 1.89A; for a 12V, 150Ah battery, the charging current is 0.035 x 150 = 5.25A). When the battery emits uniform bubbles and the temperature rises, stop charging for 1 hour. Repeat this process 3 - 4 times. When uniform bubbles are emitted from each cell and the battery voltage and electrolyte density tend to remain unchanged, the charging is completed.
    2.6. Determination of charging time:
    The relationship between supplementary charging time and battery voltage (for reference):
    Battery voltage Supplementary charging time
    12.55 - 12.45V 2 hours
    12.45 - 12.35V 3 hours
    12.35 - 12.20V 4 hours
    12.20 - 12.05V 5 hours
    12.05 - 11.95V 6 hours
    11.95 - 11.80V 7 hours
    11.80 - 11.65V 8 hours
    11.65 - 11.50V 9 hours
    11.50 - 11.30V 10 hours
    11.30 - 11.00V 12 hours
    11.00V or below 14 hours
    2.7. After the charging is completed, check the color of the charge indicator of the storage battery (for maintenance-free storage batteries, the same below). If the charge indicator shows green, it indicates that the storage battery has been fully charged. If the charge indicator is black, check whether the charging connection is firmly connected, whether the connection points are clean, whether the charging voltage has reached 16 volts, and continue to conduct supplementary charging.


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