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Do not charge the battery for too long. If it exceeds the charging time, it will reduce the battery's service life. The most suitable working temperature for the battery is room temperature (10-25 degrees). Operating environments with high or low temperatures will reduce the battery's service life. In the absence of an external power source, if the work at that time does not require the use of external equipment, it is recommended to remove the external equipment first to extend the battery life. Additionally, I suggest performing a battery power calibration every three months. Don't worry too much about the issue of overcharging, because when using a tablet in a stable voltage environment, the charging circuit in the battery will automatically shut down after the battery is fully charged, and overcharging will not occur.
Working principle of lithium battery protection:
1. Normal state
Under normal conditions, both the CO and DO pins of N1 in the circuit output high voltage, and both MOSFETs are in a conducting state. The battery can be charged and discharged freely. Due to the small on impedance of MOSFETs, usually less than 30 milliohms, their on resistance has little impact on the performance of the circuit.
The current consumption of the protection circuit in this state is μ A, usually less than 7 μ A.
2. Overcharge protection
The charging method required for lithium-ion batteries is constant current/constant voltage. In the initial stage of charging, constant current charging is used, and as the charging process progresses, the voltage will rise to 4.2V (depending on the positive electrode material, some batteries require a constant voltage value of 4.1V), then switch to constant voltage charging until the current becomes smaller and smaller.
During the charging process of the battery, if the charger circuit loses control, the battery voltage will continue to charge at a constant current after exceeding 4.2V. At this time, the battery voltage will continue to rise. When the battery voltage is charged to over 4.3V, the chemical side reactions of the battery will intensify, leading to battery damage or safety issues.
In a battery with a protection circuit, when the control IC detects that the battery voltage reaches 4.28V (this value is determined by the control IC, and different ICs have different values), its CO pin will switch from high voltage to zero voltage, causing V2 to switch from conduction to cutoff, thereby cutting off the charging circuit and preventing the charger from charging the battery again, providing overcharge protection. At this time, due to the presence of the built-in body diode VD2 in V2, the battery can discharge external loads through this diode.
There is a delay time between the control IC detecting the battery voltage exceeding 4.28V and sending out the shutdown V2 signal. The length of this delay time is determined by C3 and is usually set to about 1 second to avoid misjudgment caused by interference.
3. Over discharge protection
During the discharge process of external loads, the voltage of the battery will gradually decrease. When the battery voltage drops to 2.5V, its capacity has been fully discharged. If the battery continues to discharge to the load at this time, it will cause permanent damage to the battery.
During the battery discharge process, when the control IC detects that the battery voltage is below 2.3V (this value is determined by the control IC, and different ICs have different values), its DO pin will switch from high voltage to zero voltage, causing V1 to switch from conducting to off, thereby cutting off the discharge circuit and preventing the battery from discharging the load, providing over discharge protection. At this time, due to the presence of the built-in body diode VD1 in V1, the charger can charge the battery through this diode.

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