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With the widespread application of portable electronic devices, lithium batteries have become one of the most popular types of batteries due to their high energy density, no memory effect, and long cycle life. However, in order to meet the working voltage requirements of different devices, the boost and buck technology of lithium batteries is particularly important. This article will explore the principles of boost and buck in lithium batteries, as well as methods to achieve these conversions.
Principle of lithium battery boost
Boost Converter
A boost converter is a DC-DC converter that uses the energy storage effect of inductance to boost a lower input voltage to a higher output voltage. The basic working principle is as follows:
Charging stage: When the switching element is closed, current flows through the inductor, which stores energy;
Discharge stage: The switching element is disconnected, and due to the self inductance effect of the inductor, the current continues to flow. At this time, the diode allows the current to flow to the output capacitor and load, and the output voltage is higher than the input voltage.
Boosting method
Switching frequency optimization: By adjusting the switching frequency, the boost ratio can be improved without affecting efficiency.
Inductance value selection: An appropriate inductance value can reduce ripple current and improve system stability.
Output filtering: Using appropriate output filtering capacitors can reduce the ripple of the output voltage.
Principle of voltage reduction for lithium batteries
Buck Converter
A buck converter is also a type of DC-DC converter, whose function is to reduce a higher input voltage to a lower output voltage. Its working principle is as follows:
Charging stage: When the switching element is closed, current flows through the inductor, which stores energy;
Discharge stage: When the switching element is disconnected, the current in the inductor flows through the diode to maintain the load current, and the output voltage is lower than the input voltage.
Pressure reduction method
Duty cycle control: By changing the ratio of the conduction time of the switching element to the cycle time, i.e. the duty cycle, the output voltage is regulated.
Synchronous rectification: Using synchronous rectification technology to replace traditional diodes can improve efficiency.
Soft start: Using soft start technology can avoid current surges during startup and protect the circuit.
Application scenarios
The boost and buck technology of lithium batteries is widely used in various portable devices, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, etc. These devices typically require voltage switching in different operating states to accommodate different processor speeds, screen brightness, and other requirements.
conclusion
The boost and buck technology of lithium batteries is a key link in modern electronic product design. Through reasonable circuit design and component selection, voltage conversion can be effectively achieved while ensuring system stability and efficiency. With the continuous enhancement of electronic product functions and the increasing demand for power management, lithium battery voltage boosting technology will continue to develop to adapt to more complex and diverse application needs.

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