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How to increase the capacity of lithium batteries? Methods to increase the capacity of lithium batteries. The capacity of a lithium battery refers to the amount of electricity stored in the battery. Capacity is the core parameter of lithium batteries, and lithium battery manufacturers generally have dedicated equipment for testing to ensure the quality of shipped products is qualified. The capacity is affected by the current at the output end, so the direct effect of parallel connection is to increase the capacity of the lithium battery pack. Battery packs connected in this way often have a larger capacity.
What is the capacity of a lithium battery?
Battery capacity is one of the important performance indicators for measuring the performance of lithium batteries. It represents the amount of electricity discharged by the battery under certain conditions (discharge rate, temperature, termination voltage, etc.) (JS-150D can be used for discharge testing), that is, the capacity of the battery, usually measured in ampere hours. The capacity of lithium batteries is divided into actual capacity, theoretical capacity, and rated capacity according to different conditions. The calculation formula for battery capacity C is C=∫ t0It1dt, and the battery is divided into positive and negative poles.
How to increase the capacity of lithium batteries?
Improving the performance of materials that contribute to the capacity of lithium batteries: This is mainly the most direct way to increase the capacity density for positive and negative electrode active materials. The main directions include:
1. Use materials with greater potential, such as lithium rich materials for positive electrodes, high-voltage ternary materials, high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide materials, binary materials, etc; Soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon tin based compounds, etc. for the negative electrode.
2. Use positive and negative electrode materials with higher compaction density.
3. Using active substances with better adhesion and conductivity: This can reduce the content of binders and conductive agents in the dressing, thereby increasing the capacity of the dressing per unit mass; In addition, reducing the amount of binders and conductive agents can also improve the compaction and other processing properties of active materials.
4. Using materials with smaller thickness rebound: After cycling, lithium-ion batteries will experience a certain rebound in thickness; During design, it is necessary to reserve the rebound thickness after cycling; When using materials with smaller thickness rebound, the saved thickness rebound reserve space can be transferred to the design thickness of the battery cell, thereby increasing the design capacity of the battery cell.
5. Choosing a material system with better matching performance: Combining materials with poor compatibility not only reduces the cycling performance of lithium batteries, but may also affect rate performance and even the performance of positive and negative electrodes; Similarly, when the material matching is better, performance such as performance, cycling, and expansion rate may be improved.
Methods to increase the capacity of lithium batteries
Lithium batteries can be connected in parallel to increase their capacity. That is to say, by connecting the positive pole of a lithium battery to the positive pole of another battery and the negative pole to the negative pole of another battery, the capacity of the lithium battery can be increased without changing the output voltage of the battery pack; If the batteries are connected in series, it will increase the output voltage of the battery pack while keeping the capacity unchanged.
Adding the same number of lithium batteries requires meeting these prerequisites:
1. If using 3.6/3.7V lithium batteries, it is necessary to weld the positive and negative poles of each battery in parallel to the original battery, label them with serial numbers, and correspond them one by one. This is not wrong because it requires the use of the existing battery balance protection board inside, which requires a certain level of electrical knowledge, hands-on ability, and understanding of balance protection boards and anti-static measures.
2. The spatial location is sufficient, so you have to calculate and measure it yourself.
3. It needs to be clarified whether a single 3.6V lithium battery or a 3.2V lithium iron phosphate battery is used, and the two cannot be mixed.
Several reasons for capacity degradation of lithium batteries
Reason 1: Self discharge
The self discharge of lithium batteries refers to the phenomenon of natural loss of capacitance when the battery is not in use. There are two types of capacity loss caused by self discharge of lithium-ion batteries: reversible capacity loss; The second is the irreversible loss of capacity. Reversible capacity loss refers to the loss of capacity that can be restored during charging, while irreversible capacity loss cannot be restored. When self discharging for a long time or frequently, lithium ions will form a certain deposition, increasing the degree of capacity imbalance between the two poles, leading to the loss of lithium battery capacity.
Reason 2: Decomposition of electrolyte
In the normal operation of lithium batteries, the electrolyte undergoes an oxidation reaction, which increases the concentration of the electrolyte and leads to a decrease in its stability, ultimately resulting in a decrease in the capacity of the lithium battery.
Reason 3: Overcharging
Overcharging of lithium batteries can lead to a decrease in discharge efficiency and capacity loss. Fast charging, excessive current density, severe polarization of the negative electrode, and more pronounced deposition of lithium ions. In situations where there is an excess of positive electrode active material relative to negative electrode active material, this reaction often intensifies. However, at high charging rates, even if the ratio of positive and negative electrode active materials is normal, deposition of metallic lithium may still occur.
The above are the methods to increase the capacity of lithium batteries. The capacity of different types of rechargeable batteries is different, and the capacity of lithium batteries is divided into the capacity of lithium battery cells and the capacity of finished lithium batteries. The capacity of 18650 lithium battery cells is generally 1000-2800mAh, while the capacity of finished lithium batteries ranges from a few hundred milliampere hours to several tens of ampere hours.

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