-What material is the battery in an electric scooter made of

What material is the battery in an electric scooter made of
author:enerbyte source:本站 click37 Release date: 2024-11-27 08:42:36
abstract:
Lead acid batteries, nickel cadmium nickel hydrogen batteries, and lithium-ion batteries.Lead acid batteries are mainly valve regulated maintenance free batteries and gel batteries.The main features are low price, mature technology, and stable performance.The main problems are low energy density, la...

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Lead acid batteries, nickel cadmium nickel hydrogen batteries, and lithium-ion batteries.

Lead acid batteries are mainly valve regulated maintenance free batteries and gel batteries.

The main features are low price, mature technology, and stable performance.

The main problems are low energy density, large volume, heavy weight, and short cycle life. There are also issues of secondary pollution caused by residual acid from discarded batteries and lead metal.

Nickel hydrogen batteries (nickel cadmium batteries are gradually being phased out due to the pollution of cadmium to the environment, so they are not discussed) have high capacity, no memory effect, and minimal environmental pollution from manufacturing materials. People are accustomed to calling them environmentally friendly batteries. They are a rising star in the battery family that emerged in the 1990s and have developed rapidly. However, Ni MH batteries also have a drawback, which is that the alloy material used to store hydrogen is much more expensive than nickel cadmium (NiCd) and nickel material is not cheap. Therefore, one of the important research topics for Ni MH batteries is to reduce material costs, which is also very difficult.

Lithium ion secondary batteries are the latest generation of rechargeable batteries after nickel hydrogen (Ni MH) batteries. Their mass to energy ratio is 1.5-2 times that of Ni MH batteries, and they have the advantages of high operating voltage (3.6V), safety, long cycle life, and no memory effect. The operating temperature range can reach -20-60 ℃. Lithium ion batteries not only maintain the main advantages of high voltage and high capacity, but also have significant features such as long cycle life and good safety performance.

Lithium ion electric vehicles, also known as lithium-ion battery electric vehicles, refer to electric vehicles equipped with lithium-ion batteries. In recent years, the environmental problems caused by traditional internal combustion engine vehicles and the scarcity of oil resources have led people to turn their attention to new energy vehicles. Pure electric vehicles have become an important development direction for electric vehicles due to their ability to truly achieve "zero emissions". Lithium ion batteries have become an ideal power source for the new generation of electric vehicles due to their excellent performance.

The traditional structure of lithium-ion batteries includes a graphite anode, a cathode composed of lithium-ion metal oxide, and an electrolyte (lithium salt solution dissolved in organic solvents). The most common lithium-ion battery uses carbon as the anode, ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate dissolved in lithium hexafluorophosphate solution as the electrolyte, and lithium manganese dioxide as the cathode; Lightweight and sturdy, with high specific energy, and a single voltage of about 3.7V.

Compared to nickel hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries have relatively higher operating voltage and larger specific energy, which is three times that of nickel hydrogen batteries. Lithium ion batteries have small volume, light weight, long cycle life, low self discharge rate, no memory effect, and no pollution; The range of numerical values for individual performance indicators of batteries is wide, because lithium-ion batteries have many electrode combinations, which have certain differences in performance.

Lithium ion batteries can be divided into two types: lithium-ion batteries and lithium polymer batteries. The cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries mainly include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, etc. The anode materials mainly include graphite, lithium titanate, etc.

Lithium ion batteries have the characteristics of light weight, large energy storage, high power, and no pollution. Their applications in various fields are becoming increasingly widespread, and significant progress has been made in their research and production. Lithium ion batteries have become a new trend in the development of electric vehicles as a power source.

The progressiveness of lithium-ion battery technology and its application in emerging key markets (electric vehicles) have stimulated a global R&D boom, so lithium-ion batteries will certainly occupy an important position in the field of electric vehicles and new energy. At present, the most widely used lithium-ion battery in electric vehicles is lithium iron phosphate battery, which has good thermal stability and safety, and is relatively inexpensive. These factors make lithium iron phosphate batteries the preferred choice for small electric vehicles and PHEV power batteries. However, in lithium-ion batteries, the specific energy, specific power, and operating voltage of lithium phosphate batteries are relatively low, and lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganese oxide batteries have more advantages in the application of large pure electric vehicles.

However, there are also some issues with the widespread application of lithium-ion electric vehicles, mainly due to the performance limitations of lithium-ion batteries, including safety, cycle life, cost, operating temperature, and material supply.


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