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Lithium has a wide range of applications in our life, and the most common one is the lithium battery used in mobile phones and computers that we cannot live without. Therefore, we often hear the concepts of lithium battery, lithium battery and lithium metal battery. Are they the same thing? If not, what is the relationship between them?

First of all, lithium battery and lithium metal battery are a kind of lithium battery. As the name implies, lithium battery mainly depends on the movement of lithium ion between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. During the charging and discharging process, Li+is embedded and de-inserted back and forth between the two electrodes, accompanied by the embedding and de-insertion of equivalent electrons such as lithium ion. Generally, graphite is used as the negative electrode (the first generation), and now there are silicon carbon negative electrodes (the second generation). And lithium batteries have always been rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries).

Operating principle of lithium battery

Lithium is the lightest and most negative metal in the periodic table, and is the best choice for the negative electrode. Lithium metal battery is a battery that uses metal lithium as the negative electrode. But in fact, the charge and discharge process of lithium metal battery is also accompanied by the migration of Li+in the electrolyte, so strictly speaking, lithium metal battery is a special kind of lithium battery. However, in scientific and technological papers, the convention has formed. When referring to lithium battery, it generally refers to lithium battery of non-lithium metal; Lithium metal battery refers to the battery that uses lithium metal as the electrode.

In this sense, the difference between the two is clear: in lithium batteries, lithium only exists in the form of+1 valence Li+, and there is no electron gain or loss during the charging and discharging process, and it will not change from Li+to simple lithium; In lithium metal batteries, the valence state of lithium will change during charging and discharging.

Lithium metal battery was indeed a primary battery (i.e., non-rechargeable battery) when it was first proposed in 1912, and lithium metal has strong reactivity, so it gradually disappeared and was replaced by lithium battery. However, after a century of development, the current technology has been able to achieve the dissolution and deposition of lithium metal in the process of charging and discharging. Therefore, the majority of lithium metal batteries reported in scientific research papers are secondary batteries, which can be recharged. For example, the popular lithium sulfur battery is lithium metal.

Lithium-sulfur battery

To clarify the relationship between memory battery and lithium battery, they are not the same kind of battery. The battery memory effect refers to that the battery seems to remember the user's daily charging and discharging amplitude and mode. It is difficult to change this mode over time, and can not be charged or discharged significantly. This is because the Ni-Cd battery was used in the previous battery, while the negative electrode in the traditional process is sintered, and the cadmium grain is relatively coarse. If the Ni-Cd battery is recharged before they are completely discharged, the cadmium grain is easy to gather into blocks, which will form a secondary discharge platform when the battery discharges. The battery will store this discharge platform and use it as the discharge end point in the next cycle. However, lithium battery does not have this effect, so you can use it at ease.

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