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Will PI 966 also require stacking in 2025?

What? Does PI 967 also need it?

For PI 967, the state of charge (SoC) can't exceed 30% of the rated capacity either?

Now, please follow the editor to check out the important updated contents of the regulations related to lithium batteries in 2025!

Requirements for State of Charge (SoC)

Starting from January 1, 2025, the 66th edition of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) "Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR)" and the 12th edition of the "Lithium Battery Shipping Rules (LBSR)" will recommend that lithium-ion batteries packaged with equipment, lithium-ion batteries built into equipment, and batteries of vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries should have a charge level not exceeding 30% of their rated capacity when delivered for air transportation.

Lithium Batteries Packaged with Equipment (PI 966)

From January 1 to December 31, 2025

Section I and Section II

Lithium-ion cells and batteries shall (should) be transported at a state of charge not exceeding 30% of their rated capacity.

After January 1, 2026

Section I

Lithium-ion cells and batteries must be transported at a state of charge not exceeding 30% of their rated capacity. Cells and/or batteries with a state of charge exceeding 30% of the rated capacity can only be transported under the written conditions stipulated by these authorities with the approval of the country of origin and the country where the operator is located.

Section II

Lithium-ion cells and batteries with a rated watt-hour capacity exceeding 2.7 Wh must be delivered for transportation at a state of charge not exceeding 30% of their rated capacity. Cells and/or batteries with a state of charge exceeding 30% of their rated capacity must be transported in accordance with the provisions of PI 966-I, with the approval of the country of origin and the country where the operator is located, and under the written conditions stipulated by these authorities.

Lithium Batteries Built into Equipment (PI 967)

Section I and Section II

Lithium-ion cells and batteries shall (should) be delivered for re-transportation at a state of charge not exceeding 30% of their rated capacity or with a displayed charge level not exceeding 25%.

Vehicles Powered by Lithium-ion Batteries (PI 952)

Starting from January 1, 2025, vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, and sodium ion batteries shall be transported according to one of the following three new entries as appropriate:

   Vehicle, lithium ion battery powered (UN 3556),

   Vehicle, lithium metal battery powered (UN 3557), and

   Vehicle, sodium ion battery powered (UN 3558).

However, until March 31, 2025, these vehicles are still allowed to be transported according to the original UN3171 - Battery-powered vehicle.

For UN3556, UN3557 (only when the battery is rechargeable), and UN3558, there are also the following changes regarding the SoC requirements:

From January 1 to December 31, 2025

When the vehicle is delivered for transportation, the state of charge of its battery shall (should) not exceed 30% of its rated capacity, or the displayed charge level shall (should) not exceed 25%.

After January 1, 2026

When a vehicle powered by a battery with a rated capacity exceeding 100 Wh is delivered for transportation, it must (must) satisfy:

   The state of charge of the battery does not exceed 30% of its rated capacity; or

   The displayed charge level does not exceed 25%.

When a vehicle powered by a battery with a rated capacity not exceeding 100 Wh is delivered for transportation, it shall (should) satisfy:

   The state of charge of the battery does not exceed 30% of its rated capacity; or

   The displayed charge level does not exceed 25%.

For a vehicle powered by a battery with a rated capacity exceeding 100 Wh, if the state of charge of the battery exceeds 30% of its rated capacity, it can be transported under the written conditions stipulated by these authorities with the approval of the country of origin and the country where the operator is located.

Q: Why are there SoC requirements for lithium batteries contained or built into equipment?

A: The reason for this revision to limit the state of charge (SoC) of lithium batteries contained or built into equipment is mainly that with the development of lithium battery technology, the energy density of current lithium battery products has been significantly increased, the risk of thermal runaway is increasing day by day, and the consequences after thermal runaway are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, it is hoped to reduce the energy density during the actual transportation process by limiting SoC, thereby reducing the possible risks. In recent years, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) have also been very active in promoting relevant measures at the United Nations level to minimize the risks of lithium battery products and provide air transportation safety assurance.

Q: Why is the requirement for the displayed charge level 25% instead of the same 30% as the state of charge?

A: We must have all had the experience of using the displayed charge level of an electronic device until it reaches 0 and then the device shuts down forcibly. However, in fact, it is impossible for a lithium-ion battery to completely discharge its power under normal working conditions. The 0 of the displayed charge level does not mean that the state of charge has reached 0. Requiring a lower displayed charge level is actually to leave a certain safety margin.

Packaging Performance Requirements

● PI 966 and PI 969 Section II

● PI 967 and PI 970 Section I

● PI 967 and PI 970 Section II

New 3-meter Stacking Requirement for Packages:

Each package of cells or batteries, or the completed package, must be capable of withstanding, without damage to the cells or batteries contained therein and without any reduction of effectiveness, a force applied to the top surface equivalent to the total weight of identical packages stacked to a height of 3m (including the test sample) for a duration of 24 hours.

Note:

Capability may be demonstrated by testing, assessment or experience.

● The explanatory content in the above note also applies to the 3-meter stacking requirements in PI965-IB and PI968-IB, and assessment or experience can be used to replace testing.

The above is the important updated content of the regulations related to lithium batteries in 2025 summarized by the editor for you. If you have good views on the interpretation of the regulations or practical suggestions for the relevant industries, please feel free to contact us to discuss together.

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